Lexical Study Of Rishu In Qin And Han Dynasties Bamboo Slips

Rishu refers to a comprehensive literature about numerology based on the choice of good times and bad times.Although the name of "Rishu" is not seen in the classics,it has been widely seen in unearthed materials.Most of books about numerology including Rishu in the early Warring States and Qin and Han Dynasties mentioned in Han Shu Yi Wen Zhi haven't been preserved,which makes descendants become quite unfamiliar with early numerology and even have serious misunderstandings.With the successive excavation of Rishu of the Warring States and the Qin and Han Dynasties,this gap can be well filled.Three kinds of Rishu of Fangmatan Qin Bamboo Slips,Shuihudi Qin Bamboo Slips and Kongjiapo Han Bamboo Slips were written across the Warring States Period to the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty and were unearthed in the Chu and Qin regions respectively,which are conducive to the comparative lexical study on synchronicity,diachronicity and locality.Therefore,this article intends to use three kinds of Rishu as a representative,teasing out the entire picture of vocabulary of Rishu and its evolution.The achievement of this paper is mainly reflected in the following aspects.First of all,this paper has an exhaustive description of the nouns,verbs,and adjectives used in Rishu of Fangmatan Qin Bamboo Slips,Shuihudi Qin Bamboo Slips and Kongjiapo Han Bamboo Slips.And it uses quantification to classify the meanings of vocabulary of Rishu,therefore,it can outlines basic features of the vocabulary of Rishu from the surface to the point and then from the point to the surface.Secondly,this paper uses database technology to carry out quantitative statistics and hierarchical analysis on the vocabularies of these three kinds of Rishu,it reveals that the vocabulary of Rishu has obvious dispersivity and life quality,and it can also prove that the nature of the literature of Rishu,which is mainly about choosing good fortune and good viciousness.It also reveals that these three kinds of Rishu have more similarities than differences in the use of vocabulary,and the distribution of vocabulary numbers is consistent,but the vocabulary of Rishu of Fangmatan Qin Dynasty Bamboo Slips is slightly special.Thirdly,this paper examines polysyllabic words in the common words of these three kinds of Rishu.Through the description of the categorization of the simple words and the compound words,this paper outlines the word-formation of Rishu,therefore it comes to the conclusion that the word-formation of the disyllabic words of Rishu are mainly the subordinate compound words and the juxtaposed compound words.Fourthly,this paper focuses on fifteen groups of synonymous words represented by the “Chenqie/Nubi” in these three kinds of Rishu.And then it has a deep insight of the internal evolution of each group of words,through comparing these words in synchronicity and diachronicity with the help of the classics.Fifthly,this paper makes use of the unearthed materials of the Warring States Period and the Qin and Han Dynasties to examine the use of characters of these three kinds of Rishu in terms of “consistency” and “differentiality” on the basis of words tying characters,which contributes to a further understanding of the relationship between characters and words in Rishu.