An Analysis Of India's Policy On The Occupation Of The South Of Tibet(1949-1959)

In 1949-1951 years,faced with the profound change of China's situation,the Nehru administration was forced to turn the policy of "buffer state" to the " Tibet autonomy under Chinese suzerainty ".However,it still maintained the ultimate recognition “that China had sovereignty over Tibet” as a bargaining chip.At the same time,from the perspective of security interests,India rebirth the British Empire's "Scientic Boundary Plan",to prevent the so-called penetration and threat of the China,and finally make illegal McMahon line as given guidelines on the Sino-Indian border issue in November 1950.This policy unilaterally make the 1914's illegal McMahon line as the boundary between China and India and regarded it as the "non-negotiable" vital interest."McMahon line" policy of the boundary was the product of the adjustment of India's policy on Tibet.The failure of aggressive offensive "buffer state" policy,so conservative defensive strategy of " Scientic Boundary" policy has become an alternative to it.Under the guidance of this line,on the one hand,Nehru made full use of transporting grain to Tibet and negotiating on illegal interests in Tibet to make pressure on China in 1951-1956;on the other hand,Nehru instructed Asam governor personally to command the implementation of the so-called "new advance policy" to illegally seize the south of Tibet.Both forcing Chinese recognize the illegal "McMahon line".At the end of 1956,Nehru had established a set of administrative system in the occupied area.This policy unilaterally changed the status of the disputed area,to make a fait accompli and support the India's boundary claim during the negotiations with China.Why did the India not disclose the "McMahon line" border claims in 1954's negotiation was that Nehru strive for the time to enlarge the administrative jurisdiction and defense line to the " McMahon line " and for more the real interests of pragmatic considerations.Therefore,the two aspects of India's China border policy cooperated with each other and affected each other's implementation effect.“North-East Frontier Agency” has been formed so-called "new forward policy" conducted by the Nehru administration which marked by the implementation of administrative jurisdiction in the south of the " McMahon line ".The practice of establishing actual control in disputed areas later became a successful experience and the boundary strategy of "occupy or have" and became the root of the Nehru's "encroachment policy" in the western part of dispitued area after the 1959.The establishment of " The Indian Frontier Administrative Service " in 1956 was an important part of the "new advance policy",which directly served the assimilation policy of the " North-East Frontier Agency ".In language policy,as a result of the tribal language without writing,Nehru skillfully advocated the Devanagari text to prepare the conditions for the implementation of the policy of assimilation in Hindi.In religious policy,Nehru has actively invited Dalai to visit India,respected Tibetan Buddhism,courted the local temple Lama,allow the existence of local traditional temple school,help repair the temple and its cultural relics;on the other hand,they deliberately planed the establishment of the socalled Tibet cultural research center,so as to cut off the linkes between these areas and Lhasa traditionally built by Local young Buddhist to the Tibet temple to study,thus weakening the Lhasa's influence of culture and religion in the Himalaya mountainous area.In summary,in the treatment of the heritage of British Empire,the Nehru administration unilaterally made the "McMahon line" as the boundary between China and India,and do everything possible to manufacture an established fact.On the basis of this policy,Nehru contrived a more comprehensive boundary strategy to China,which had a profund influence on Sino-Indian relations.Firstly,the unilateralism border policy not only caused the Sino-Indian border war in 1962,but also became the burden of successive India governments on the border issue.Secondly,the formation of "NorthEast Frontier Agency" attempted to make illegal McMahon line from a strategic boundary into a "cultural boundarie" and a "administrative boundary".This has complex and profound influence on the solution of the boundary issue.Last but not least,with Dalai lama flee to India in 1959,this "double " policy become confluent.India utilize Dalai's influence in the Buddhist world as a tool,to stable the occupied area of monks and believers of the people,to help the enhancement and control of these areas.This manipulation of so-called Tibet problem for China as an important strategic consideration on the successive India government to "the Tibet government in exile" policy,which has become the another barrier to border issue until now.