The Influence Of Description Style And Refutational Chain In Multiple Texts On Misinformation Processing

Previous studies in discourse reading had found that misinformation is difficult to change.Readers were biased towards processing information that supports misleading beliefs.Some researchers used the refutation text structure that relies on the form of a chain in nonlinear texts.and found that this structure can promote the correction of misinformation.Other studies have found that the events described by the scientific discourse style was more credible and had a higher degree of agreement than by the factual style.In natural reading,students' mastery of scientific and technological information often needs to read multiple texts,requiring integration and processing of multiple textual information.It is unclear that whether the scientific discourse style description and refutation chain would have an effect on the correction of misinformation in multiple texts.In this study,the online eye movement recording method and off-line assessment method were used,and we investigated the ways the combination of the description method and the refutation chain had an effect on the misinformation processing in multiple texts.Experiment 1 examined the effect of factual description condition(FS/FS)and scientific description condition(FS/SDS)on online processing and off-line processing of misinformation in the absence of the refutation chain.The on-line processing results showed that there was no significant difference between the total fixation time and the total number of fixations under both description conditions.Off-line processing results showed that compared with the factual description condition,the credibility and approval degree of misinformation are weakened under the condition of scientific description condition,and the credibility and degree of approval of the opposing information are improved,indicating that the scientific description had produced a certain degree of conceptual change.Experiment 2 examined the effects of the two descriptive conditions on the online and off-line processing of misinformation and opposing information after the addition of the refutation signal.The on-line processing results showed that the addition of refutation signal promotes the co-activation of misinformation and opposing information under factual description condition and scientific description condition.Off-line processing results showed that the addition of refutation signal further weakens the credibility of the misinformation under the factual description and enhanced the credibility of the opposing information under the two description conditions;and further enhanced the tendency of some texts to endorse opposing information,the concurrence of the opposing information presented in the scientific description and its misrepresentation of misinformation tends to be balanced in some texts.Comparison of the results of Experiment 1 and Experiment 2,online results showed that,the refutation chain promoted deeper processing of conflict information.Off-line results showed that when there was no refutation chain,the subjects only performed shallow source heuristic processing on the information.When there was a refutation chain,the subjects conduct deep confirmative heuristic processing,which further enriched the understanding of the relationship between the document model theory and the misinformation change in multiple texts.