Study On The Eight Banners In Pearl At Dashengwula During The Qing Dynasty

Qing dynasty is the last feudal dynasty in China,which originated in Northeast China.After being the ruler in China,the emperors of Qing dynasty set up a full time collecting tribute institution at Jilin Wula named Dashengwula Administrative Office for ancestor worship.According to the difference of task,Dashengwula Administrative Office has two divisions called the eight banners in fishing and the eight banners in pearl which is the most important part.Studying on the eight banners in pearl favors the deep understanding of the Manchu traditional fishing and hunting cultures as well as contributes to comprehend a set of complete and huge tributary system in Dashengwula area.Based on previous studies,this paper systematically describes the setup and management,the social status of pearl divers besides the decline and influence of the eight banners in pearl.Moreover,the significance of the eight banners in pear is summarized and its enlightenment on current social development is researched.This paper consists of four sectors besides introduction,conclusion and references.Sector 1 introduces the Dashengwula and the eight banners of Dasheng.Firstly the background,official posts and functions of Dashengwula Administrative Office are discussed,the establishment and functions of Dashengwula Administrative Office are described in detail.Starting from the foundation of the eight banners system,this sector illustrates the origination of the eight banners of Dasheng to foreshadow the eight banners in pearl at Dashengwula.Furthermore,the relation between Dashengwula and the eight banners of Dasheng is combed.Sector 2 focuses on the eight banners in pearl at Dashengwula,and begins with the setup of the eight banners.The fishing and hunting and management of eight banners in pearl are discussed.This sector comprehensively introduces the system of eight banners in pearl which contains fishing and catching tasks,production methods and process as well as the procedures and routines on paying the tribute to the capital.It also systematically hackles the work of eight banners in pearl at Dashengwula.Sector 3 investigates the pearl divers in detail.This section combs the strict institutions and rigid regulatory directed at the pearl divers,and clarifies the rewards,punishments,rights and obligations of the pearl divers.It elaborates on identity characteristics of pearl divers,and points out their low social status as the bannermen.Although pearl divers had stationary reward,land for farming and the right to education and other rights compared to common people and exiled prisoners,they were inferior to the Manchu eight banners in terms of social status,but superior to those of many common people and exiled prisoners.Sector 4 entirely summarizes the decline and influence of the eight banners in pearl,and analyses the subjective and objective reasons leading to the decline of the eight banners in pearl.The eight banners in pearl exerted a good influence over reserving traditional culture of Manchu and facilitating urban construction besides providing the supply of troops in defending the northeast frontier,resisting foreign enemies and participating in the garrison.At the same time,it points out that the single traditional economic mode and the closure of the forbidden area also hinder the social and economic development and modernization in addition to the destruction of ecological environment.In a word,this paper presents a comprehensive and systematic analysis by sorting,analyzing and summarizing kinds of academic materials including history books,archives,local records and other previous relevant researches about the eight banners in pearl at Dashengwula during Qing dynasty.Furthermore,this paper sums up the historical influence of the eight banners in pearl at Dashengwula and then analyzes the beneficial historical reference and enlightenment for the development of present society.