Studies On The Moral System Of The Mo-tse

Mo-tse,a book that takes "universal love" as the core of ethics includes self-cultivation,governance,household and so forth,while the main moral values such as fair-minded profit-seeking,self-sacrifice and hard work,peasant’s mainstay,integrated world-views and so forth are important parts of the moral system.In order to coordinate the moral relations between man and himself,man and family,man and society,man and nature,reduce the contradictions in society,and change the conflicting situation of state,"love" became the pronoun of Mohist morality.Therefore,we can dig out the moral concept of "self-cultivation-love the public" from the moral point of view,and sort out the logical relationship and framework system of Mohist morality.In the moral system of Mo-tse,the relationship between man and himself mainly refers to the norms of moral cultivation in the process of personal self-cultivation,which contain the moral conception of "love equally" in "universal love",adhere to the principle of "value for benefit and justice",and achieve the unity of universal love,justice and benefit,and sacrifice oneself.The moral relationship between people and families is weakened by the moral of "universal love".Family morality is closely linked with individuals and society,and the weight of national society is far greater than the individual families.The most prominent morality is the relationship between people and groups and countries in Mo-tse and it’s called political morality.The interests of the people have become the basis of governance.Shang Xian,Shang Tong,Fei Yue,Jie Yong and Fei Gong are the political means to educate the people of all strata.Ren Xian is the starting point of political morality.In addition,the social morality in Mo-tse transcends the concepts of state and hierarchy,which regards the people of every country as the main body of society,with the help of the sacred power of "Tian" in people’s minds,we can persuade the people to believe that the world is a whole and encourage the people to put into production and improve their living conditions with the outlook of "living on their own strength".As for the moralrelationship between man and nature in Mo-tse,it can be summed up as "Xie Tian Shun Shi" and "Chong Jian Xi Wu".The "tian" in nature is personalized.The concepts of Tian Zhi and Jie Yong are Mohist value guidance to the way of getting along with nature.Only by following nature,costing save and using time to generate wealth that human continue to survive and reproduce themselves.The decline of moral thought in Mo-tse which divided into external and internal factors according to its system.The external causes are the limitation of social conditions and the disunity of human mind.The internal cause is the defects of Mohist moral theory itself.These two factors are the main causes leading to the end of Mohist morality.The moral system in Mo-tse seems straightforward and fragmentary,but its implication is profound.From the point of view of governing the world,its moral essence is inherited by posterity which builds the moral relationship between individuals,families,society and nature on the basis of universal love.The essence of morality has also been integrated into Chinese culture with the evolution of the doctrines of the past and has become part of the traditional values of the Chinese.