The Impact Of Self-esteem On The Perceived Control Of College Students With Left-behind Experience In The Situation Of Competition And Cooperation

Self-esteem means the individual's identification of his or her own emotional value.It is derived from the individual's internalization and identification of his or her Parent-child Relation and Peer Relationship,which will affect the individual's establishment and maintenance of intimate relationship in adulthood.Perceived Control refers to an individual's perception and experience of the state of his or her relationship with the environment,and is also considered to be an individual's perception of whether he or she can control the environment and interpersonal relationships.This study is aimed to explore the impact of self-esteem on the perceived control of college students with left-behind experience in the situation of competition and cooperation.The current study is conducted in four parts.Study 1:based on the theories and scales that have been proposed at home and abroad as well as the consequences of the present study's interviews and surveys,the self-esteem questionnaire for college students with good reliability and validity was compiled.Study 2:the perceived control questionnaire of college students was compiled.Study 3:competition and cooperation situations were created and validated.Study 4:the impact of self-esteem level,competition and cooperation situation and left-behind experience on college students' perceived control was explored through the way of experimentation.This experiment utilized a mixed experimental design of 2(the level of self-esteem:high,low)×2(situation:competition,cooperation)×2(left-behind experience:yes,no).The level of self-esteem and left-behind experience belong to between-subjects design,and the situation belongs to within-subjects design.A total of 64 students were randomly selected according to the self-esteem questionnaire of college students.According to the level of self-esteem and whether they had left-behind experience,they were divided into 4 groups,each group consisting of 16 people,a total of 64 people,each group being half of boys and girls.Then the pre-test of the perceived control was performed on 64 experimental subjects.The next experiment requires the subjects to be a group of two,and through the instruction to present the rules to create a competition/cooperation situation,and then ask the subjects to complete the memory-recognition task.Finally,the post-test of the perceived control was performed on 64 experimental subjects.After the experiment was completed,the differences in perceived control level and change value of each group of subjects in the competition and cooperation situation were analyzed.Statistical processing was performed using SPSS and Mplus software,including correlation analysis,Student's t test,analysis of variance,also confirmatory factor analysis.Research consequences:1.A total of four dimensions exist in the self-esteem questionnaire of college students,which are self-love feeling dimension,interpersonal interaction openness,self-value affirmation dimension and self-acceptance dimension.The homogeneity reliabilities of the total score of self-esteem and each dimension are:0.901?0.836?0.819 ? 0.809 ? 0.763;and the retest reliabilities of the total score and each sub-dimension are:0.986?0.988?0.991?0.977?0.970.Confirmatory factor analysis is performed using Mplus and the consequences are:RMSEA=0.065,TLI=0.871?CFI=0.886?SRMR=0.059.The reliabilities and validities of the questionnaire are in line with the standards of the psychological measurement.2.There are three items in the college students' perceived control questionnaire.The Cronbach's coefficient alpha of the perceived control questionnaire is 0.923.The validity of the questionnaire is verified by Mplus confirmatory factor analysis then the consequences demonstrate compliance with psychometric criteria.3.Variance analysis with self-esteem level,competition and cooperation situation,and left-behind experience as independent variables and with perceived control level as the dependent variable,the main effect of self-esteem level of pre-test perceived control is significant F(1,60)=8.101,p<0.05;moreover the main effect of self-esteem level of post-test perceived control is also significant F(1,60)=8.040,p<0.05.4.Variance analysis with self-esteem level,competition and cooperation situation,and left-behind experience as independent variables and with the change value of perceived control as the dependent variable,the main effect of the situation is significant F(1,60)=9.016,p<0.05;moreover the interaction between self-esteem level and situation is significant F(1,60)=4.552,p<0.05.Research conclusions:1.Under different situation,the level of self-esteem and left-behind experience affect the level of students' perceived control.Subjects with high levels of self-esteem in the competitive and cooperative situations are significantly more controlled than those with low levels of self-esteem.Whether in the situation of competition or cooperation,the influence of the subjects with or without the left-behind experience on the level of perceived control is not significant.2.Under different situation,the level of self-esteem and left-behind experience affect the change value of college students' perceived control.The change values in the perceived control of the subjects in the competitive situation are significantly higher than those in the cooperative situation.In the competitive situation,the change of low self-esteem subjects' perceived control is significantly higher than that of high self-esteem subjects.In the cooperative situation,the change of the high self-esteem subjects' perceived control is higher than that of the low self-esteem subjects,but this consequence is only marginally significant.No matter in the competitive or cooperative situation,the left-behind experience has no significant influence on the change values of subjects' perceived control.