Study On The Huai River Commission Ineperiod Of Nanjing National Government

Since the late Qing Dynasty,the frequent natural disasters,together with the invasion of Western powers and civil strife,made the cause of Huai River Guidance stagnate.After the founding of the Nanjing National Government,on the one hand,in view of the increasingly serious disaster situation in the Huai River Basin,on the other hand,in order to develop the economy of the region,the Huai River Commission was established in Nanjing in July 1929.After the establishment of the association,it began to carry out water resources survey in the Huai River Basin,and formulated the "The Huai River Commission Bureau of Engineering".It established the guiding principles of "taking the overall situation as a whole,first eliminating harm,then promoting benefit","taking the local theory as a basis,first eliminating the heavy ones,and first promoting the great ones".Since 1931,according to the above plan,the Huai River Commission has carried out construction of flood discharge,irrigation and shipping projects.By 1937,when the Anti-Japanese War broke out in an all-round way,it would move westward with the central government,and the work of guiding Huai River would be at a standstill.During this period,the Huai River Direction Committee failed to implement the Huai River Diversion Project in full accordance with the Huai River Direction Plan due to financial constraints,but it also made some achievements.It completed seven shipping projects,including Shaobo Ship Lock,six flood discharge projects,including Yangzhuang Activity Dam,four irrigation projects,including Anfengtang Irrigation Area,and six water conservancy projects jointly organized with other agencies,including Liutang River consolidation.After the westward migration,the Huai Commission sorted out three important waterways,Qijiang,Wujiang and Chishuihe,according to the central government's requirement of "taking military construction as the center",in order to developsouthwest transportation,facilitate the transportation of anti-Japanese war materials and promote the development of local economy.In order to arrange the above waterways more conveniently,the Huai River Committee has established Qijiang Waterway Engineering Bureau,Wujiang Waterway Engineering Bureau and Chishui River Waterway Engineering Bureau successively.By 1945,when he returned to Nanjing due to the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan,many water conservancy projects had been carried out successively,such as the preliminary consolidation and Canalization Works of the Qijiang River,the preliminary consolidation works of the Gongtan-Fuling waterway of the Wujiang River,and the first stage of the regulation works of the Chishui River waterway.The construction of these projects has better improved the water resources and transportation situation in Southwest China and helped support the Anti-Japanese War.Since September 1945,the Huai Committee began to relocate its personnel and institutions,and the work was basically completed by August 1946.At the same time,it has begun to rebuild water conservancy projects in the Huai River Basin in order to restore its irrigation,shipping and flood discharge functions.In order to smoothly carry out the reconstruction project,the Huai Committee has formulated the "Huai Rehabilitation and Relief Project Implementation Plan",and held a meeting with the provincial governments of Jiangsu and Anhui provinces and relief sub-bureaus to clarify the responsibilities and cooperation methods of Huaihe Guidance Project.The rebuilding project mainly includes two parts: Huai River Basin and Yunhe River Basin,which are implemented by Huai River Dike Engineering Bureau and Yunyu Dike Engineering Bureau respectively.After more than a year's work,the Huaiyu Dyke Rehabilitation Project was planned at 1122.1 km and 1079.8 km,basically completed as planned,while other dredging projects,such as dredging projects,were successfully completed in accordance with previous plans.Great progress has also been made in the North Jiangsu Canal Project,the Canal Gate and Dam Project and the South Shandong Canal Dike Project.By July 1947,the Huai River Diversion Committee was reorganized into the General Administration of Huai River Water Conservancy Engineering,and the remaining Huai River Compound Dike Project wascontinued by the General Administration of Huai River Water Conservancy Engineering.In addition,because of the backwardness of education in China,especially in water resources education,there was a great shortage of water resources related talents.In order to speed up the process of Huai River Direction and improve the quality of the project,the Huai River Committee,on the one hand,runs its own training courses for Hua River Direction Project and sluice gate guards,on the other hand,sets up advanced water conservancy vocational schools attached to the Huai River Committee,and on the other hand,dispatches water conservancy personnel to Europe and the United States to inspect relevant water resources.Through the above educational measures,the Huai River Committee has trained a number of middle and senior water conservancy talents,which has better promoted the development of the Huai River Direction Project.In addition,after the establishment of the Huai River Commission,due to the financial constraints of the central government,the committee had to raise funds from all sides for construction projects.From 1927 to 1937,the funds mainly came from the management of the Boxer Fund Board and the borrowing from the Bank of China and the Central Bank and other financial institutions.From 1937 to 1945,funds were mainly allocated by the Ministry of Economy and the General Administration of Salt Affairs.From 1945 to 1947,the funds mainly came from the grain allotted by the General Administration of Rehabilitation and Relief of the Executive Yuan.In addition,the Huai River Commission has also received some funds through land consolidation and the Levy of ship lock fees.Generally speaking,the Huai River Water Conservancy Commission was reorganized into the General Administration of Huai River Water Conservancy Engineering from its establishment in 1929 to 1947.It lasted eight years and traveled over many provinces.Under the situation of financial tension and war,it has made certain contributions to the improvement of the flood control system of Jianhuai River Basin and Southwest China,which has made certain progress in transportation and other undertakings in these areas,and has also trained a number of waterresources in China.Professional talents.At the same time,the work of Huaihe River Committee and the Yellow River Water Conservancy Committee and Yangtze River Watercourse Regulation Committee at the same time constitute the national water resources construction layout of Nanjing National Government.It has greatly promoted the construction of the national water network and the development of trade.But at the same time,in the work of the Huai River Commission,bad phenomena such as distributing inferior grain to workers also appeared,which seriously affected the physical and mental health of workers and the process of Huaihe River Guidance.