Pigou Welfare Economic Ethics Thought And Its Value Research

Arthur Sehir Pigou is a famous neoclassical economist in the early 20 th century in England.The advent of Pigou's "Welfare Economics" in 1920 marked the establishment of a more complete welfare economics system.With the theme of "welfare",this paper makes people have a more systematic and comprehensive understanding of the ethical thoughts of welfare by studying and analyzing the economic ideals of Pigou welfare.The reason why Pigou welfare economic ethics was chosen as the research theme was because Pigou,as a master of welfare economic thoughts,had profound and unique insights into the promotion of national welfare.The concept of "welfare" was used from Pigou here.The study of Pigou's welfare ethics has far-reaching significance.Pigou's welfare thoughts use utilitarianism as its ethical foundation.He believes that welfare is the satisfaction of a person's utility or feeling.It is a very wide range of things.It is a state of consciousness.Pursuing personal happiness and satisfaction is a welfare judgment.The standard is in line with the greatest happiness of most people.Pigou introduced the ethical value judgment into the economic system,and used the criteria of right and wrong to evaluate the rationality of economic behavior.The moral standard is: the individual is the sole judge of his own welfare,and the personal welfare is social welfare.The sum,the welfare of a person is the sum of the satisfaction he feels.This is clearly an ethical advancement for welfare economics.Pigou's welfare economic thoughts embodies the ethical requirements of fairness and efficiency.Pigou believes that to achieve the increase of social welfare,on the one hand,we must pursue efficiency and increase the growth of national income;on the other hand,we must pursue fairness and improve the distribution of natio nal income."Efficiency" means optimal allocation of resources,"fairness." "means equalization of national income distribution.Pigou has thus proposed two basic propositions to increase national welfare: the higher the national income,the greater the national welfare;the more equal the national distribution,the greater the national welfare.Therefore,for Pigou,fairness and efficiency are the basic social goals pursued by its welfare thoughts and also the basic policy objectives.In the pursuit of the ethical value of fairness and efficiency,Pigou proposed the necessity of government intervention.In his view,the maximization of social welfare is achieved under perfect competition.Under perfect competition,production resources can be freely transferred.It can be freely controlled;there is no market failure phenomenon,so that the state can maximize the national income.However,due to various realities,fully competitive market conditions cannot be achieved.In order to eliminate various shortcomings in the real market,government intervention is very necessary.It is not only related to the fate of society,but also the value and interests of all people.With the concept of Pigou'so "welfare",the economic issue is not limited to the study of pure economy any more.He solved the social and economic problems while taking into account the ethical needs of human beings,and he proposed many concrete measures to improve the welfare policy.In the process of conducting economic research,we will deepen our ethical responsibilities into every part of social and economic development.At the same time,it also enables follow-up economists to take the initiative to assume ethical responsibility in the economic research and jointly promote the development of human society.