An Interpretation Of Spiritual Predicaments And Breakthroughs In And The Mountains Echoed From The Perspective Of Rhetorical Narrative

Khaled Hosseini(1965-),an Afghan-American writer,his first novel the Kite Runner(2003)has gained him a good reputation home and abroad.And the Mountains Echoed(2013),the third novel of Hosseini,tells the separation of a brother and a sister for about sixty years and the different figures' predicaments and redemption related to them.This thesis attempts to interpret the spiritual predicaments by applying James Phelan's theory of rhetorical narrative in order to reveal peoples' spiritual crisis and their attempts to get rid of spiritual predicaments reflected in the appliance of narrative skills.This thesis consists of five chapters.The first chapter introduces Khaled Hosseini and his work And the Mountains Echoed,then summarizes literature reviews on this novel home and abroad,and ends with the feasibility of this thesis.The second chapter explores the spiritual confusion through fluctuating narrative progression.The conflicts between characters and the reversed story plots reveal the characters' suspicion of belief and despair of social injustice,and the covert progression reveals people should accomplish their spiritual awakening through rebelling against authority.The third chapter analyzes the spiritual alienation reflected in shifting focalization.Taking the character and the narrator as the focalizer reflects the characters' crisis of trust and the absence of love,the appliance of dual focalization reveals that reconciliation with guilt is the way to achieve spiritual redemption.The fourth chapter will interpret the audiences' dynamic narrative judgments guided by various narrative techniques reveals the character's spiritual loss,and points out that people should should reconstruct their self-value to solve their spiritual problems of indulgence of desire and anxiety of identity to realize spiritual liberation.The fifth chapter is the conclusion which concludes the whole thesis,pointing out the significant meaning of narrative means to reflect the spiritual predicaments for the sake of evoking people's concerns to Afghan people' s survival predicaments.