"Culture Turn" In The Study Of Maritime History In Anglo-American Academia(1989-2018)

As an emerging discipline,the development of maritime history in the Anglo-American academia has gone through three stages.In the first stage,from the 1960 s to the early 1970 s,the "traditional maritime history" mainly studied in the history of naval warfare and naval history.In the second stage,from the late 1970 s to 1980 s,based on the paradigm of economic history and social history,maritime history began to seek a new method that called "maritime economic history".The third stage,in the late 1980 s,faced with the dilemma of maritime history itself,some maritime historians have sought the help of interdisciplinary research methods,namely with emerging global history and environmental history.Combine the fields of cultural history and apply their theories and methods to the study of maritime history.This article focuses on the application of the theories and methods of "cultural turn" in maritime history.In other words,it focuses on the influence of the research paradigm of new cultural history on the writing of maritime history in recent years.Since the end of the 1980 s,influenced by the "cultural turn" trend of thought,the research paradigms,research methods,and research objects of maritime history have undergone many changes.This paper explores the application of the theory and method of "new cultural history" in maritime history by combing the main achievements of western maritime history in the past thirty years,such as the introduction of gender,ethnicity,and grade analysis;the study of symbolization of maritime elements;concerns about the common people's daily life and so on.In addition,the expansion of research data,such as the use of oral history materials and image history materials in the writing of maritime history,gradually placed the female groups,homosexual groups and marine labor groups that were previously in the "marginal zone" in the center position of maritime history.Through the exploration of the above trends,this paper clarifies the performance of "cultural turn" in maritime history in the past forty years,in order to provide some suggestions and reference for in the future course of maritime history.