Study On The Use Of Adjectives In "Zuozhuan"

"ZuoZhuan" is the first chronological narrative history book of China.And its exemplary status is self-evident.The literature has strong authenticity,large vocabulary,wide coverage,typical language phenomenon,and provides a valuable material basis for studying ancient Chinese vocabulary and grammar.Compared with modern Chinese,the classification about category of words in ancient Chinese is not clear enough,there is no fixed grammar,and the use of words between them shows more obvious universality and complexity.This article will use the basic vocabulary of 166 adjectives that summarized by Mr.Mao Yuanming in the book "Vocabulary Research In ZuoZhuan" as the basic selection.Based on the rich experience of traditional exegesis.From the three levels of "grammatical distribution,meaning of words and sentences,Data statistics" are comprehensively judged.A total of 82 adjectives were produced in "ZuoZhuan",and a total of 631 sentences were used.Taking this as the scope of analysis,the author conducts an in-depth and meticulous description of the adjectives used in "ZuoZhuan",and accurately presents the main features of grammar and semantics.From the perspective of syntactic structure,the types of meanings based on adjectives can be divided into three categories: "causative","conation" and "general verb use".The most common ones are the causative,involving 58 adjectives and 297 sentences.The second is the general verb use of adjectives,involving 37 adjectives and 231 sentences.The least is the conation,involving 23 adjectives and 103 sentence.According to our investigation and analysis of the characteristics of their category,the syntactic function of the adjective after the use of "ZuoZhuan" is mainly predicate.And there are also very few cases as objects or subjects.When using adjectives as predicates,it can cover almost all the syntactic components that verbs can be attached to.Even including the phenomenon that modern Chinese does not exist.In addition,the use of adjectives can also be combined with other verb components to conjuncted predicate or collateral phrase,which serves as a use case for the whole sentence predicate.In addition to studying the use of adjectives from the characteristics of words,syntactic functions and corresponding syntactic structures.The author's research will start with the analysis of semantic roles and semantic orientations.Described the other sentences with the adjectives as the center.especially the semantic relationship between vocabulary sentences.For the purpose of the targeted research in this paper,the author adjusts the semantic role classification into 5 categories and 14 sub-categories,and classifies them into 11 types of semantic relations.Then semantically describes and analyzes them.It can be seen that the semantic relationship and the syntactic relationship of the adjectives are not one-to-one correspondence,and a syntactic structure may contain multiple semantic relations."Actions andresults" and "actions and actions" are the two types of semantic relationships that use adjectives with the most use cases.The "action and object" instances are the least,only one case.The reason for this disparity in volume is not only because of the semantic features of the adjective itself,but also closely related to the semantic mode of the adjective.