A Study On Poetic Criticism Of Huangche's Poem Theory Of Gongxi

Huang Che lived through three dynasties throughout his life,Huizong dynasty,Qinzong dynasty and Gaozong dynasty.On that occasion,the Jin people made intrusion to the frontier,the world changed,the treacherous officials took the lead,the insurrection rose,the Song dynasty fell into the internal trouble and the foreign invasion,but at this time,the poetry circle was enveloped by the Jiangxi poetry style which ignored Li Yuan and carved chapter and sentences.Huang Che rediscovered the tradition of elegance,advocated that poetry creation should be supplemented by the famous teaching,carried forward the Confucian morality and read Li Yuan's sorrow.He selected Du Fu and Huang Tingjian as the main objects of poetic criticism,and fully demonstrated the gist of the poetics of emphasizing human relations,maintaining the style of teaching and paying attention to poetic skills.The introduction summarizes the related literature of ancient and modern society.Previous studies of the Poem Theory of Gongxi mainly concentrated in his poetic thought,the content about Huang Che's criticism of Du Fu,Huang Tingjian and Jiangxi poetry and the study about grammatical rhetoric is relatively less.The first chapter aims to expound clearly about Huang Che and the creative background of Poem Theory of Gongxi.Huang Che was born in a Jin Dun family in the military city,when he was young,he was talented with study and was proficient in hundreds of history books,he got many achievements at a young age.However,his disposition was rigid and straight,and he was not good at getting along well with people,which made him resistant against the authority,as a result,he retired quite early.But he was deeply influenced by the neo-Confucianism,and always thought of Li Yuan's sorrow,faced with the unrest of the Song dynasty,he entrusted his Confucianism and his kind heart into the writing of Gong Xi,so as to correct the malpractice.The second chapter discusses the poetic criticism of Poem Theory of Gongxi theme from the three aspects of essence,creation and aesthetics,makes an overall description on the poetic ideas.In Huang Che's opinion,the essence of poetry was the ‘language of replenishing the world',which should take loyalty,filial piety,benevolence and prosperity as the core of its spirit,state the shortcomings of the governance straightly and directly,playing the role of recommendation;his view of poetry creation claimed that poetry creation was rooted in social life and was the basis of literature and art,and to some extent poetry was created to express grievances;his poetic aesthetics laid emphasis on the out of world words as well as the inner world words,he appreciated the words with deep heart and the words of carelessness and clumsiness,and he preferred Pai regular scriptand funny words.The third and fourth chapters mainly discuss the two big criticism objects of Poem Theory of Gongxi--Du Fu and Jiangxi poetry school represented by Huang Tingjian,these two criticism objects are also the embodiment of the main idea of his poetics criticism.Huang Che selected Du Fu,who fit the theme of his poems,as the main object of poetic criticism,and made a detailed comment on Du Fu and his poems to highlight his poetic thoughts,he also reflected his own emotional attitude to Du Fu's personality of ‘leading a wonderful life with an ambitious heart,hating the evil with straight mind'.As for Du Fu,he put forward the view that ‘The old Du is like mencius' and advocated the canonization of Du Fu,as for Du's poets,they were highly praised for the strict syntax.His criticism of Huang Tingjian and Jiangxi poetry school focused on the expression of the intention of counter-insurgency.With the viewpoint of ‘reading Li Yuan's sorrow with heart',he opposed the Jiangxi poetry school of avoiding the disadvantages of social reality,with the viewpoint of ‘poem can be jested' and ‘poem can be resentful',he broke through Huang Tingjian and Jiangxi poetry school's ‘unable to be criticized' and gentle and sincere loss,with the viewpoint of ‘with a book of history in mind,the mountains and rivers can be presented in front of your eyes',he deconstructed the theory of Jiangxi poetry school's ‘turns iron into gold' and‘changes one's body into another'.The fifth chapter discusses the poetics criticism methods of Poem Theory of Gongxi.On the basis of ‘Wen Xin Diao Long',‘Shi Tong' and ‘Wenjing Mifun Lun',Huang Che discussed the nine rhetorical devices such as quotation,refining words,inversion,metaphor,antithesis,change,Tibetan words,pun and exaggeration in combination with examples,he firstly discussed in a comprehensive way many rhetorical phenomena in the genre of Chinese poetry,it had an important influence on ‘Wen Ze',the first treatise on rhetoric in ancient China,what's more,it provided a key to open the door of poetry for the poetics and was of great significance in the history of rhetoric study of Chinese classical poetry.