A Study On The 3-5 Year Olds' Development Of Cognitive Biases In Knowledge States Of Others

Cognitive bias is a common error in social perception.When people perceive themselves,others or their surroundings,they will often be influenced by some factors so that the perceptual results are biased.This kind of error is a thorny problem in social communication.When people misunderstand the inner state of others and give wrong feedback,it will often cause conflicts and problems,leading to the failure of communication.In order to avoid the influence of cognitive bias as far as possible,investigating the essence and change of bias has become an important direction of psychological research.Cognitive bias is common in the early childhood and the elderly,and early childhood is a critical period for development and change of cognitive bias,at this time,children of different ages have different cognitive biases.Children may show the curse of ignorance and the curse of knowledge,and the development may be affected by a variety of factors such as children's reasoning objects and environment.At present,existing studies have disputed the characteristics of children's cognitive bias,and the development trends of the two biases have not been clearly defined.In addition,studies have ignored the role of reasoning objects.Relevant studies have shown that different reasoning objects may affect the performance and development of children's cognitive biases.Therefore,the purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics and development trends of cognitive biases in children aged 3-5 years,and to explore the influence of reasoning object characteristics on children's cognitive biases.This study selected the 3 to 5 years(37-68 months)children as the subjects,using “look lead to know task” to investigate the cognitive biases of children aged 3-5 years when reasoning about the knowledge state of others at different knowledge levels.In order to investigate the characteristics and trends of each age group,the experimental situations were set up in which the children and reasoning objects knew and did not know respectively.In the task,reasoning objects with different knowledge levels,namely infants,children and teachers,were selected to explore the influence of reasoning objects on children's cognitive biases.The results show that:(1)The two cognitive biases of children aged 3 to 5 years old include the curse of ignorance and the curse of knowledge,the two biases are different,the curse of knowledge is higher than the curse of ignorance.(2)The general trend of cognitive bias of children aged 3-5 years shows a gradual decrease with age,the curse of ignorance can be overcome earlier than the curse of knowledge.The development trend of the curse of ignorance is that children at 3 years old have the curse of ignorance.Between 3 and 4 years old,they can overcome it,while children at 4 and 5 years old do not have the curse of ignorance.The development trend of the curse of knowledge is that 3 and 4-year-olds have the curse of knowledge,and between 4 and 5 years old,children can overcome it,and 5-year-olds do not have the curse of knowledge.(3)At the age of 3 and 4,children's cognitive biases are not affected by the knowledge level of reasoning objects,and 5-year-olds are affected.In the case of low level of knowledge(infants),the curse of ignorance re-emerged in 5-year-olds.In the case of high level of knowledge(teachers),the curse of knowledge re-emerged in 5-year-olds.