Popular Chinese Curse, Curse Song, Cursing Drama Studies

To grasp the whole spirit of the Chinese culture, it is necessary for us to talkabout folk culture, including the culture of "Ma"(cursing or speaking foul language).To research and analyze this topic, we need remove "the old glasses" of vulgarsociology and use a set of new system to review it. This paper based on the theory offolklore and the perspective of folk culture, profits the theoretical knowledges andresearch achievements at home and abroad, such as the study of anthropology,literature and art, theater and Chinese traditional opera, which puts the folklore,folksongs, drama and opera together into the vision of research, in order to reviewthe different forms of "Ma" in folk activities, folk literature and drama art,simultaneously to investigate their evolvement, development and interactiverelationship.The main body is made up of four chapters.Chapter One: As language behavior and social behavior,"Ma" has all kinds ofconnections with the rise and fall of the curse. The decline of curse and the rich of"Ma" is an inevitable trend."Ma" is also a "double-edged sword" so that the analysisof advantages and disadvantages must come from a dynamic view, in order to getcorrect evaluation.Chapter Two:"Ma" involved in folk activities, has formed rich and colorful folkcustoms. They exist in festivals, life rites, folk beliefs, in all regions and ethnic groupsof China, with the local peoples thinking of culture and wisdom of life, showing aunique social folklore life.Chapter Three: The development of folk songs about "Ma" could be traced backto the pre-Qin era. From "When will the sun die?" in Shangshu-tangshi, to popularverses and tunes in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, then to modern folk songs,the songs about "Ma" are always closely linked to peoples daily life. At the same time,they play an important role in the birth of "Ma" dramas.Chapter Four: Before the Chinese drama was mature, there had been abundant"Ma" dramas spread in the world, establishing the artistic features. Since the Song and Yuan dynasties, according to the plots and themes,"Ma" dramas can be dividedinto three categories, including the clash between good and evil, the expression oflove and melancholy, the emergence of folk disputes.