Eye Movement Study On The Landmark Effect In Spatial Navigation

This research is based on the spatial cognition computing model(BBB theory model)proposed by Byrne and others.The research method is applied to research the difference of people's choice of landmarks in spatial navigation.This study is composed of three experiments.One is to explore the characteristics of when objects in spatial navigation are regarded as landmarks and the recognition and memory of navigation related objects under the condition of continuous spatial navigation.This research is composed of four parts.The first stage is the object display in advance,in which the subjects are presented with some object pictures to make them familiar and impressive.Second,in the learning stage,subjects learned about the space environment of the town by completing VR driving tasks.The third is pointing task,which studies the representation strategy of individuals by judging the accuracy rate of objects in the town.The representation strategies are generally divided into environmental reference system representation and self-reference system representation.Fourth,the recognition task records the difference of landmark selection in spatial navigation related to different tasks with eye movement data.The experimental results showed that under the experimental conditions of this experiment,the subjects did not form a stable cognitive map,and there was no significant difference in the eye-movement data of navigation-related objects.In the second study,eye movement data were used to study how subjects with different representation strategies integrated landmark information in the spatial navigation learning stage.Based on the study of one or four parts,this study made changes in the learning stage,and judged how the subjects integrated the surface information through the data such as the fixation time of the objects at the decision-making point and the objects at the non-decision-making point in each interest area.The experimental results showed that although navigation correlation affected pointing delay in spatial tasks,the subjects still did not form a stable cognitive map.In the task learning stage,the subjects represented by the environment reference frame had longer eye movement and fixation time on the objects at the decision point,but there was no significant difference.Study three repeated the four stages of experiment two,but changed the sequence and added tests for spatial memory tasks.The experimental results show that under such experimental conditions,navigation correlation affects the memory of objects in space and is encoded as landmarks to form a cognitive map.Specifically,the pointing error,pointing consistency and pointing delay of objects at decision-making points are significantly different from those at non-decision-making points,and the total fixation time in the area of interest in eye movement data is also different.The results of this experiment show that there are differences in the selection of spatial navigation strategies among the subjects,and they prefer the representation of environmental reference system.Therefore,this study suggests that in the selection of landmarks involving spatial navigation,the use of environmental reference system representation can better carry out spatial memory.The experimental results show that: first,from experiment 1 to experiment 2,with the increase of learning time and scene cues,the pointing error will decrease,and the pointing response will be more consistent.Even so,there is still no significant difference in pointing consistency.According to previous studies,we know that pointing consistency is closely related to navigation efficiency,and there is no position effect under both experimental conditions.In experiment 3,we can see that with the increase of pointing task,position effect appears.Secondly,according to the results of eye movement data in experiment 3,we speculated that regions of interest 4 and 6 are important in making decisions.Because the eye movement in both interest area total fixation time,whether or not the subjects learning phase space navigation form stable cognitive map,in the interest area 4 and interest area 6 there are relatively very stable total fixation time,so we speculate that in the area of interest area 4 and interest area 6 will exist in the more important to choose subjects and the key information can't be ignored.