The Influence Of Landmark Uniqueness On Path Learning Efficiency In Active And Passive Space Cruises

The two ways in the spatial navigation,active and passive spatial navigation,have been widely concerned by the researchers.A large number of researchers have conducted studies on the navigation efficiency in the two ways,but there is no consistent conclusion.In addition,the previous researches mainly focused on the two ways,without considering the influence of the environmental factors(such as the landmark).In order to explore the differences of the route learning efficiency under different landmarks conditions in the two navigation ways,the current study set 3D virtual scenes with different unique of landmarks by using the Sketch Up and Lumion,and created procedure by Matlab software.The current study was conducted mainly by two experiments.In Experiment 1,the participants in both the active and passive navigation conditions conducted route learning in the unique and repeated landmark conditions,and completed the turning judgement and path drawing tasks.The results showed that the efficiency of route learning in the repeated landmark condition was significant higher than the unique landmark condition.The efficiency was higher in the second learning than the first learning.But there was no significant difference between the active and passive spatial navigation.In order to further explore the difference of spatial learning efficiency between the two navigations,Experiment 2 set different turning time as the different levels of time pressure in the active navigation.And the results showed that the efficiency in the low time pressure was higher than the high time pressure.Combined Experiment 1 and Experiment 2,the results showed that the efficiency in the high time pressure of the active navigation did not significantly different with the passive navigation,but both were lower than the low time pressure.It can be drawn the following conclusions based on the above results.(1)In the route learning,it is mainly used to help navigation by combining landmarks with the turning.Compared to the unique landmark condition,there is an advantage in the repeated landmark condition.But this advantage is mainly reflected in the low processing degree of route information.When there is a deep processing on the route information,this advantage will disappear,and there will be no significant difference between the unique and repeated landmark conditions.(2)The difference between the active and the passive route learning is caused by the different perception of the route information.When motion and proprioception information can not be used to help enhance the perception of the route information,the route learning efficiency of the active group in the high time pressure did not show an advantage compared with that of the passive group.However,in the low time pressure,the active navigation can process the route information more deeply,and had a better performance than the passive navigation.