A Study On The Grain Problem Of Hubei In The Early Days Of New China(1949—1953)

At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China,by the effects of perennial war and famine,business and industry depressed,agricultural production withered,market supply of goods was seriously inadequate,the soaring price continued to plague the new regime.Grain was the focus of private speculation materials,grain prices were often driven by the volatility of the entire price changes.Grain at the time not only related to the stablility of the market,the improvement of people's lives,but also related to the consolidation of the new regime.Hubei is the largest grain-producting province,Wuhan is the largest food distribution center in central China,this article is mainly from 1949 to 1953 in Hubei as a center,study the collection of grain,the storage and transportion,grain market management,explain the problems in food work,analysis the change of the policy of grain free trade to unified purchase and marketing policy in the early period of the founding of the People's Republic of China.At the beginning of the liberation of Hubei,by vigorously expropriation of grain,grain centralized allocation,to expand the proportion of state-owned grain purchase and sale business,to combat speculation and other measures,both to ensure the combat troops,production and military personnel,urban residents,rural food shortage,the disaster areas of the food supply,but also stabize the grain market.However,there are many shortcomings in the grain work due to the subjective and objective conditions,which were reflected in aspects of grain storage and transportation,the situation of grain management team and food market management.Accidents frequented in the transport process of food,food storage was poor,many food cadres did not attach importance to food work,business level was not high,and there was corruption.In 1953,the grain markert experienced a sharp fluctuation after the short-term relative stability,grain acquisition was difficult,grain sales increased substantially,and private business was extremely active.This is due to the local government understood wrongly on the central instructions about the business adjustment and the six measures promulgated by the Central and South Military and Political Committee,relaxed the leadership of the market and the constraints of private business.There were many problems with the existence of grain work,which have a very negative impact on ensuring grain supply and grain market stability.The shortcoming in grain work of Hubei province reflected the immaturity of the nationwide grain work in the early of New China,the immaturity affected the grain supply in the market.Under the situation of free grain trade,this immaturity went against the state control of the sources of grain and the state management,prompted the country to implement the unified purchase and marketing policies.The fundamental transformation of grain policy was to adapt to the needs of strategy transferring of the national economic development,to provide enough grain and stable social environment for the industrialization of the country,to bring the small-scale peasant economy into the orbit of state planning.