| Located in the hinterland of the Great Eastern Canyon of the Three Parallel Rivers Region in the northwest of Yunnan Province,Pihe Nu Township,Fugong County is the only Nu township in China where the Nu people call themselves “Nusu” and it is an important component of the Nu nationality in China.Having resided in the closed mountainous regions with high mountains,deep canyons and dense jungles for generations,the Nusu people have not only formed a complex and compatible cultural ecology together with the Lisu people and Dulong people adjacent to these regions in the terms of production and living,social customs,religious ceremonies,etc,but they also have kept a complete system of their native language and ethnic characters of the Nu nationality and passed down rich styles of music in the long history of migration.The Nusu people’s unique “music ” behavior not only carried the traditional life order,but also carried forward the community relationship and formed their own unique expression of music and dense regional characteristics of music in the unique geographical environment and cultural environment.Based on music anthropology,this thesis focuses on the traditional Nu instrument “Dabiya” and the traditional Nu ballad “Odede” from the dynamics of the dual dimension of time and space.By observing the means of presenting fields,social functions and body acquisition in traditional and modern music events,this thesis makes a profound depiction of the internal relationship among geographical environment,cultural environment and music culture,and analyzes the characteristics of regional music styles so as to broaden the path of academic practices in the applied theory of ethnomusicology and offer a case study for the writing of musical ethnography.This thesis comprises of 3 parts: introduction,body and conclusions.The introduction part includes reasons for topic selection,significance of research,purposes and contents of research,and theories and methods for research,and it also analyzes the research status and research literature involved in this subject,depicts field sites and puts them in the broad context of history,society and geography for inspection so as to pave a chasable academic foundation for research on causes and characteristics of the Nu regional music style.The body part consists of 4 chapters as follows.Chapter 1 is about the ecological environment and ethnic memory of the Nusu Branch in Pihe Nu Township.High mountains,deep valleys,dense forests and steep slopes not only helped Nu ancestors to cultivate the unique lifestyle of slash-and-burn farming,gathering and hunting,but also bred their kindness,fraternity,unity,friendliness,honesty and trustfulness.The unique ethnic memory made the Nusu people know their own past history better and hold a perseverant and tenacious attitude toward life while their worship for nature and gods bestow the ethnic characteristics of peacefulness and kindness on them.Therefore,this chapter mainly focuses on summarizing and analyzing the natural geographical environment and human ecological environment where the Pihe Nusu Branch resides,and also elaborates on the process of their ethnic migration as well as tales running from mouth to mouth among them.Chapter 2 is about the space-time field and interactive field in the occurrence of “Dabiya” and “Odede”.Any “music” is generated and spread at a certain time and spatial location through individual experience of music and cognition of an ethnic group related to music experience.Therefore,the occurrence of “Dabiya” and “Odede” has a special connection with the time-and-space field.Based on the discourse domain of “Dabiya” and “Odede”,this thesis enumerates and analyzes from perspectives of occurrence field,social functions,ways of inheritance and maintenance,etc.Chapter 3 is about the morphological styles and characteristics of “Dabiya” and “Odede”.The specific geographical,natural and humanistic environment is the prerequisite for the survival of human and then the enhancement of production,as well as the important cornerstone for the generation and formation of traditional cultures among different races and regions.The regional music characteristics of “Dabiya” and “Odede” represent the relationship among human beings,earth and music.Influenced by the historical society,natural environment and humanistic environment,unique music forms and expression modes were generated.By analyzing and comparing music forms of “Dabiya” and “Odede” including the tuning method,the playing method,the type of tunes and ways of singing,this thesis studies the relationship between the regional ecological environment and music styles created by humans residing in this environment more profoundly and concretely so as to highlight that the specific geographical environment and humanistic environment could lay an important foundation for nurturing different music styles.Chapter 4 is about “Dabiya” and “Odede” amidst contemporary cultural changes.In this constantly changing era,the rapid development of the social environment has a profound influence on the ecology of typical Nu music forms “Dabiya” and “Odede” in that they present a complex and three-dimensional trend interwoven by multiple binary relations of urbanization,commercialization,collectivity,individuality,etc.Therefore,this chapter mainly discusses how “Dabiya” and “Odede” are developed as rural cultures on the different paths of inheritance and transmission,especially how existing practical studies of them in the field of intangible cultural heritage would provide an adaptive strategy for the cultural diversity of folk music after they were certified as intangible cultural heritages. |
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