Tragic Intention In Goethe's Moral Philosophy

The formation of Goethe's moral concept is closely related to many philosophers.He inherited the ethical concepts of the Hellenistic and Roman philosophers Epicurus and Lucretius naturalism,and was also a strong supporter of Spinoza's naturalistic theology,and for the contemporary moral philosophy of Kant,Goethe was critically absorbed by an opposing attitude that could not accept nature and freedom,hobbies and responsibilities.Goethe's moral concept is naturalistic,which is based on the careful observation of the external world and the grasp of the universal law.Goethe,however,are not just for the purpose of observing nature,understanding the nature,he wants to make the external natural thing in the world into the inner experience to moral practice,seek a kind of to meet the need of "natural desire" for the life goal of "happiness",and in the process of the pursuit of the goal also needs on unnecessary "natural desire" to "resignation".Of course,Goethe's "resignation" is not passive,but an active action in accordance with the natural law;It is not Stoic's "asceticism",but a reasonable natural desire,which is the integration of action "resignation" and nature.When we examine the tragic nature of the works on the basis of Goethe's moral philosophy,we find that although he emphasizes a natural balance in his creation and opposes moral interpretation,his own moral concept is positive.In his natural way,he unconsciously integrated into his works.For Goethe,he not only faced the challenge of philosophical rationality,but also dealt with external reality and escaped vulgar contradictions,which forced Goethe to make appropriate reconciliations between "emotion" and "rationality".First of all,Goethe opposed Hegel's combination of reason and belief.He advocated a humanitarian belief.He believed that the "humanity" could make the Christian cross gentle.Secondly,in order to realize my value,Goethe hopes that people can exert their individual creativity through continuous action under the humanitarian belief.However,even if Goethe reduces the pain of people in various ways to pursue true happiness and happiness,he can't avoid the tragic ending.The reasons for this can be divided into the following three aspects: First,the moral concept of individualism only emphasizes the individual's self-development,but cannot avoid the tragedy of others or the tragedy of the times.Second,the freedom pursued by Goethe's naturalistic moral concept exists only in individual aspects.The way of "dismissal" adopted by him does not guarantee complete conformity with nature.For Goethe himself,the pain brought by passion is not because His moral practice has been completely alleviated.Third,In the face of the unchangeable destiny,Goethe kept fighting,but spent all his life trying to get rid of the question.A rationalist like Hegel would certainly not give the world's dominance to Goethe's humanity.Under such circumstances,although Goethe's humanitarian ethics has many advantages,the subjective and powerless feelings in it have a strong tragic color in Goethe's moral philosophy,and these three aspects are often in Goethe's works.The root cause of tragic meaning.Marx,Nietzsche and Kierkegaard are the three most representative philosophers in the philosophical effects and resounds of the tragic intentions in Goethe's moral philosophy.Marx greatly admired Goethe's Prometheus-style rebellious spirit of traditional theology,and pulled the high God above the altar,but he practiced the spiritual beliefs of Goethe and Hegel in the practice of human sensibility activities.Putting it on the critique of the world's problems on the shore,thus avoiding the fog of emotion and reason like Goethe.Nietzsche regards Goethe as a candid pagan.He does not think that Goethe's humanitarian belief can solve the tragedy in real life.What he wants is to achieve a childlike purity and freedom through a strong will.And a happy state.When he arrived at Kierkegaard,Goethe's humanitarian beliefs were also disintegrated.He believed that “belief” was a prerequisite for humanity or reason and did not require any defense at all.He admits that in the face of an infinite God,people are destined to be defeated in the finiteness of their "survival",but he also believes that only in this "paradox" or "passion" of survival can people realize their own value..Therefore,by examining the influence of Goethe's moral philosophy on the above three philosophers,we can not only clearly see the different philosophical temperament between Goethe and them,but also deepen the understanding of Goethe's works and their thoughts.