The Different Paths But The Same Destination Of The Problem Of Freedom

Freedom is not only the focus of modern society,but also the important pursuit of human social development.How to realize freedom has become an important task for modern philosophers.The crisis of modernity aggravates the urgency of realizing freedom.The emergence of Totalitarianism and Bureaucracy illustrates the inadequacy of rationalism tradition.In the face of this situation,Arendt and Marx's theory of freedom,whose lifelong goal is to realize freedom,is particularly prominent.Arendt and Marx are both great modern thinkers,they have the common field that is the pursuit of freedom.Faced with different historical conditions,they have formed two paths on how to construct freedom.Marx faced the cruel exploitation and oppression of capitalism in the nineteenth century.He criticized it deeply with his knife and pen,and pointed out the way of "not yet" presented to realize human liberation with the scientific theory of historical materialism.Arendt is an important political philosopher in the twentieth century.The experience of war filled her with pessimism about the future,while the tradition of freedom in the classical era inspired her to realize freedom.Therefore,Arendt reviews the political experience of the classical times,reflects on the political tradition of rationalism,and puts forward the "ancient worship" road to construct the free community of the classical city-states in the modern sense,that is,to revive classical republicanism.The new social reality and the ideological path of looking back prompted Arendt to make a unique interpretation of Marx.and the two paths of freedom have also formed tremendous tension in this interpretation.This kind of interpretation has both profound understanding andprofound misunderstanding.This article intends to understand the reasons why Arendt understood and misunderstood Marx by sorting out Arendt's way of constructing freedom,highlighting the differences and commonalities between them in the construction of freedom,and the great tension between the two ways of realizing freedom in this interpretation.The ideological path of Arendt's renaissance of classical republicanism is mainly composed of Homer's era,Athens city-state,ancient Rome's political tradition and the spiritual enlightenment of Christianity,which respectively construct freedom on the basis of action,pluralism and public sphere.When Arendt's retrospective ideological prism illuminated Marx,she formed a profound understanding and inevitable misunderstanding of Marx's thought.Arendt confirmed Marx's dual status in the western tradition,recognized the profundity of Marx's grasp of modern freedom,and also considered that they were the same people in the goal of criticizing the modem capitalism in pursuit of freedom.But at the same time,Arendt believes that Marx's theory is a kind of dominant theory of eliminating freedom,which advocates the violent revolution and the essential status of labor.This prompted her to analyze and criticize these theories in detail in many works,which resulted in her triple misunderstanding of Marx's theory.Although there are theoretical differences between them,which stems from their different standpoints and theoretical principles,there is still some inherent consistency in their deep thoughts,that is,criticizing the anti-freedom of capitalist society,and looking forward to the construction of freedom against the inevitability of capital.The intricate relationship between Marx's and Arendt's thoughts shows the richness of the path to construct freedom.At the same time,Arendt can also serve as a prism to comprehend Marx's thoughts,and provide us with an important perspective to learn and understand Marx.Her creative ideas also provide us with the wealth of valuable ideas to construct freedom.