| The method of discourse analysis taking appraisal system as theoretical background lacks the interpretation of ecological characteristics buried in evaluative meaning.Ecological discourse analysis taking the ecosophy of "diversity and harmony,interaction and co-existence" as its guide divides language items into three ecological property types:eco-beneficial,eco-ambivalent,eco-destructive,which can compensate for the defect of the appraisal system’s dichotomous deal with lecxical items into positive or negative,since a language item lexically positive may in a certain context lead positive or negative or neither positive nor negative or no influence,the same with a lexically negative language item.Hence,this study,taking international ecological discourse for example,expands the original three subcategories of appraisal system:adding affect origination,judgement standard,appreciation target to attitude system,engagement orientation,engagement source,engagement content to judgement system,and reference scale to graduation system.Through the combination of the expanded appraisal system and the ecosophy "diversity and harmony,interaction and co-existence",the appraisal-system-based ecological discourse analysis framework,say Appraisal System for International Ecological Discourse is set up.Based on the analysis framework,this research applies the ecological discourse analysis to 10 news reports,from mainstream media of ten countries all over the world---America,the UK,German,France,Canada,Russia,Australia,India,Japan and South Africa---which take as topic China’s locally designed and built large civil airliner C919’s successful maiden flight,and thus reveals media’s appraisal meanings that are implicitly and explicitly contained in the news.By trying to exhaustively tag appraisal resources with ecological property,and then quantifying each type of ecological property used in ten aspects concerning with C919(C919’s significance,C919’s status-quo,C919’s future,China-made attribute,China’s official support,China’s aviation market,China’s domestic reaction,foreign industries’ repercussion,China’s follow-up action,and China’s aviation history)into sums and ratios,and finally contrasting and comparing their similarities and differences,this study finds that in general:American news report is paradoxical with ecological properties of eco-beneficial and eco-destructive,the UK’s news report is full of hostility with ecological property of eco-destructive,German news report mentions obscurely with ecological property of eco-ambivalent,French news report thinks in a long run with ecological property of eco-ambivalent,Canadian news report takes pride in participating with ecological property of eco-beneficial,Russian news report is advanced in interpretation with ecological property of eco-beneficial,Australian news report is rich in information with ecological property of eco-ambivalent,Indian news report makes positive self-reflection with ecological property of eco-beneficial,Japanese news report looks on with no emotion with ecological property of eco-ambivalent,and South African news report is interested in watching with ecological property of eco-ambivalent.Finally,enlightenment for the publicity and further development of C919 is gained accordingly. |
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