A Study On Marx's Thought Of Human Essence

In the history of philosophy,the issue of human nature has always been one of the major issues of concern.Previous sages tried to make a reasonable explanation of human essence based on their knowledge and experience,but due to the limitations of historical conditions or standpoint and mode of thinking,various views of human essence emerged.Marx gradually formed the marxist theory of human essence on the basis of developing and discarding the predecessors' thoughts on human essence.Marx's theory of human essence occupies a fundamental position in all of Marx's theoretical systems and is the starting point and premise of the marxist theoretical system.This paper will be divided into five chapters to discuss Marx's theory of human essence.The first chapter explains the basis and significance of the topic selection,and sorts out and studies the domestic and foreign thoughts on the theory of human nature.Part of the foreign part focuses on the origin of the theory of human essence to look up and analyze;The domestic part pays more attention to the development of Marx's own theory of human essence.In the second chapter,starting from Protagoras' proposition that "man is the measure of all things",the sages and philosophers no longer only pay attention to ontological philosophy,but also start to pay attention to the problem of human essence.In the middle ages,scholastics represented by Thomas Aquinas replaced the essence of human with the essence of god and explained the essence of human with the essence of god,valuing god more than human.In modern times,the essential thought of human beings has gradually developed two lines,namely,the essential thought of human beings with rationality as the core and the essential thought of human beings with sensibility as the core.And the most important influence on Marx is feuerbach's essential thought.In the third chapter,Marx puts forward that "man is the highest essence of man" based on criticizing the alienation of human nature by religion.Under the influence of feuerbach's "essence of mankind",Marx put forward that the essence of mankind is a kind of "free and conscious activity".Because of the limitation of feuerbach's understanding of human essence,that is,to understand human nature too much from the aspect of human essence and ignore the importance of human social nature to the formation and development of human essence,Marx proposed that human essence "is the sum of all social relations in its reality".As the organic unity of natural and social attributes,people not only have the general material needs for survival,but also have the special needs for the relations of production and social relations.The fourth chapter,from the perspective of the value of Marx's thought of human essence,not only has great theoretical significance,but also has great practical significance.On the one hand,Marx's theory of human essence is the starting point and premise of all Marx's theories and has a fundamental position.On the other hand,Marx's theory of human essence is also the practical premise to break the development dilemma.That is to say,the original intention of social development practice is based on Marx's theory of human essence.The fifth chapter,the marxist theory of human essence formed on the basis of the theory of the essence of the sages,is helpful to solve all kinds of contradictions in the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics from the perspective of the new era,and to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.