The Political Cultural History Of The Haze During The Han And Tang Dynasties

The record of "haze" was first appeared in the oracle inscriptions,and it was mostly related to rain.The "Zhong feng qie mai"(????)in the book of songs was the earliest record of"haze" in the ancient documents,According to Erya,the later history books explained "haze" as the "dust rain".In the Han Dynasty,there was a saying about "meng qi"(??),while there were the records of "feng mai zhou hui"(????)and "feng mai bao xing"(????)in the wei and jin dynasties.Both the wind and the dust rain could represent a natural phenomenon of windstorm and soil raining.Both"meng qi" and "haze" could create a visual impression of hiding the sky.Therefore,many scholars have mixed the "feng mai"(???),dust rain and "meng qi"in the ban and tang dynasties,and regarded them as dust weather.From the natural state and humanistic connotation,they had similarities and differences.Dust rain refered to the weather process of sandstorming,and"meng qi" was often regarded as weather status of being going to rain but without rain,but in most cases,"haze" described a hazy weather status,it was the dim scene that between rainy and dust rain or between daylight shading and wind changing.In the han and tang dynasties,according to the distinction between disasters and alien,such as Ban Gu(??),He Xiu(??),Lang Yi(??),etc.and "haze" should belong to "alien class",which was a strange existence.Under the influence of the theory of interaction between heaven and human,"haze" was regarded as a representation of political disorder and the overstep behavior.In the yin-yang five elements theory,"haze" was also a performance of excessive yin caused by the disharmonious relationship between the monarch and the minister or the severe punishment.From the wei and jin dynasties to the sui and tang dynasties,the records of "haze" in the history books continued to accumulate with the passage of time.With the superposition of historical materials,the political connotation of "haze was gradually expanded,gradually showing the function of the drought,outsiders and the meaning of the symbol of chaos.During the han and tang dynasties,"haze" was given more cultural implication.In the poetry and lyrics,the "yu mai"(??),"yan mai"(??),"yun mai"(??)and so on were used to show the quiet,ambiguous and dim nature artistic conception which could by setting off the obscure sense between the mountain and rivers,or by describing the dark scenery when the it was raining.And the "yin mai"(??),"hun mai"(??)and "mai yi"(??)often became the author s common rhetoric to express feelings or burst emotion,thus setting off the emotions of sadness,desolateness and depression.In the classics and Edict,"haze" also had a special symbolic meaning to refer to tribulation,war,or separatist forces.In order to conduct a more comprehensive study of the "haze" in the han and tang dynasties,firstly,it mainly analyzes the similarities between concept,perception and political meaning about"haze","dust rain" and "meng qi",and the differences between the three about formation process,formation reasons and cultural connotation.On the basis of clarifying the concept of "haze",it further explains the attribution,formation reasons and political meaning of "haze" under the theory of interaction between heaven and human and the yin and yang five elements theory.In addition to the official history materials,it also analyzes the natural artistic conception,the humanistic connotation and the implied symbolic meaning of the "haze" in the literary classics,epitaphs,and Edict.