A Study On Phonetic Variation Of Xiayi Dialect

This paper takes the variation of the phonetic system of Xiayi dialect as a sample to observe the form and trend of dialect variation in the current society.Firstly,the phonetic system of Xiayi dialect is described in detail,and the phonological characteristics of Xiayi dialect are analyzed.Then,from the perspective of language system and sociolinguistics,the phonetic variation of Xiayi dialect is analyzed in detail.Finally,the reasons for the phonetic variation of Xia'an dialect are discussed.First of all,through analysis,we find that the characteristics of Xia'an dialect's phonetic system are:(1)In consonants,Jianyin and Tuanyin are distinctive from each other,which will not be easily confused by users.The groups of Zhi(??),Zhuang(??) and Zhang(??) are dichotomic:[t(?)][t(?)h][s]are for the consonants of second-class characters of Zhi(??) group,opening-mouth characters of Zhuang(??) group,and third-class characters of opening Zhi She(??),Zhang(??) group;[ts][tsh][(?)]are for other consonants of characters.[f]is pronounced when Mandarin sound is together with[(?)].Xiayi dialect has a consonant which does not exist in Mandarin don't have—[v].(2)In vowels,the vowels of LAI(??) in third-class characters of Shan She(??) and Zhen She(??),the group of Jing(??) are combined with the vowels first-class characters.The prenuclear glide is pronounced as[-u-].The vowels of Yao(??),Duo(??) and Jue(??) are combined with the vowels of Mo(??),Xue(??),Yue(??) and Xie(??) and pronounced as[?][uo][yo].The vowels of De(??),Mo(??)and Mai(??) is combined and pronounced as[e][ue].(3)The tone is divided equally between Yin and Yang.The the third tone of voiced consonants becomes the fourth tone.The tone of Ru rhyme becomes dichotomic between level tone of Yin and Yang.Through our research,we found some phonetic variation of Xiayi dialect:(1)In consonants,the differentiate tone between Jianyin and Tuanyin gradually faded;the pronunciation of[t(?)][t(?)?][(?)]and[ts][tsh][s]are close to Mandarin;[v]has disappeared.(2)In vowels,the monophthong vowels[e][?][(?)]gradually become diphthongs[ei][ai][(?)o]([(?)u]).The vowel of[i]in the third-class non-group characters of Xie She(??) and Zhi She(??) is gradually becoming a diphthong[ei].The vowel[uo]of the first-class group of Jian(??) is becomes[?].The prenuclear glide[-u-]in some characters turn into prenuclear glide[-y-].The classification of Ru rhyme is close to Mandarin.Xiayi dialect has some new phonetic features among young people:(1)The consonants are simple,while the vowels are complex;(2)The phonetic variation has a evident tendency,i.e.becoming close to Mandarin;(3)The process of variation is still persistent.Through analysis,we believe that the reasons for the phonetic variation of Xiayi dialect are:(1)The influence of phonetic structure,the restriction of phonetic system;(2)Influenced by the strong dialect Mandarin,so the pronunciation becomes close to Mandarin.In the school education,family environment,and social life,Xiayi dialect has shown a tendency to move closer to Mandarin due to the influence of Mandarin;(3)The Influence of the user's language attitude.The different attitudes of users to local dialects and Mandarin affect the degree of variation in their dialects.(4)Social development.The development of society brings changes to people's lives,which are reflected into phonetic changes.Words that are not commonly used in dialects are most likely to change.