The Impact Of Leaderboard On Learning:A Study Of Moderated Mechanism

With the development of science and technology,students' learning methods are becoming more and more abundant.Game-based learning,as a new form of learning,which applies game design elements to increase interest,is gradually favored by researchers and educators.Leaderboard is one of the game design elements,but most of the current research on leaderboard has not separated the effect of ranking,nor considered the role of individual characteristics and the characteristics of leaderboard.Based on this,this study used two experiments to explore the impact of real leaderboard on learners at different rankings and the impact of rankings on learners with different achievement goal orientation.Finally,this study also proposes improvement strategies based on the existing leaderboard to explore the impact of leaderboard-selectivity on learning and whether the effect of ranking is moderated by leaderboard-selectivity.In experiment 1,the effects of different leaderboard designs(with or without leaderboard)on learning process and results were explored by single factor inter-group design.The results show that:(1)Leaderboard generally promotes the social relatedness need satisfaction and learning performance;(2)Leaderboard promotes the increase of positive emotions of the individuals who are in the high ranking(meaning high performance),but has no significant impact on the people who are in low ranking(meaning low performance).In exper:iment 2,a two-factor inter-group design was used to explore the effect of ranking position on different achievement goal-orientation individuals.The results showed that:(1)No matter what kind of goal orientation,the higher the individual's ranking in the leaderboard,the higher positive emotion,competence and autonomy need satisfaction,the lower negative emotion;(2)When the individual's performance is certain,the higher ranking of the performance goal-orientation individual,the stronger the individual's situational motivation,but for learning goal-orientation individuals,there is no relationship between ranking and situational motivation.In experiment 3,a two-factor inter-group design was used to explore the effect of leaderboard-selectivity on learning and the moderating effect of leaderboard selectivity on ranking effect.The results show that:(1)Leaderboard selectivity promotes the positive emotions,autonomy need satisfaction,situational motivation and learning performance;(2)When leaderboard is optional,there is no significant difference in positive emotion and competence need satisfaction between high-ranking and low-ranking individuals,but when leaderboard is not optional,the competence need satisfaction of individuals in high-ranking is significantly higher than that in low-ranking;In conclusion,this study shows that:(1)Leaderboard elements can improve individual's social relatedness need satisfaction and learning performance,and have a positive impact on learning;(2)When individual's performance is certain,the higher the individual's ranking is,the higher the individual's post-test positive mood,competence and autonomy need satisfaction are,the lower the post-test negative mood;(3)When an individual can choose the leaderboard of different performances,the positive emotions,autonomy need satisfaction,situational motivation and learning performance are improved.(4)Goal orientation only moderated the influence of position on situational motivation;only when the individual is expressing performance goal-orientation,the higher the position,the stronger the situational motivation;(5)The leaderboard selectivity moderated the position on positive emotion and competence need satisfaction,when the leaderboard is optional,the differences of competence need satisfactions between high-position individuals and low-position individuals are not significant.