Study On The Myths,Legends And Beliefs Of Yandi

Yandi was an important mythological figure in the prehistoric period.He blended with Shennong and was known as the "first ancestor of agriculture" during the Qin and Han dynasties.In the records of the pre-Qin literature,Shennong was the representative figure in the era of agricultural civilization,and Yandi was a fire master with the nature of religious witchcraft.Under the construction of Liu Xin and the descendants of the Han Dynasty,Yandi and Shennong gradually merged into one symbol.In the belief of the common people,Yandi has multiple divinities and is an important god that is related to the harvest of agriculture and the daily blessings.The myths and legends of Yandi are widely spread in places such as Gansu Qiuchi,Shanxi Shangdang,Shanxi Baoji,Henan Yichuan,Hunan Yanling,Hubei Suizhou and other places,which have become precious cultural memories of the Chinese nation.This article explores Yandi's divine nature,tribal migration,folk beliefs and contemporary performances.It classifies and collects the collections of Yandi mythology and oral texts,clarifies and analyzes the controversial issues in the academic circles.In addition,through the field investigation and comparison of Yandi culture in Shanxi,Shaanxi and Hunan,the author comprehensively demonstrates the regional characteristics of Yandi's belief and the inheritance of Yandi culture.The full text is divided into five parts.Chapter One is introduction.It mainly includes the selection andsignificance of the topic,the review of Yandi research at home and abroad,the sources and research methods of this paper,and the definition of the research object.The second chapter is to analyze the nature of Yandi's divinities,mainly on the identity of Yandi's original goddess "Fox",the secondary godhead "agricultural god",and the derivative god "rain god".The first is the analysis of the identity of Yandi's "Vulcan".In the Spring and Autumn Period,"Public Light and Heavy Equality","Zuo Chuan Zhaogong Seventeen Years","Mandarin,Jinyu IV" and other ancient books are all called Yandi.This section,by combing the cultural origins between the "five elements" and the identity of the Yandi "fire division",focuses on how Yandi was gradually assigned as "the emperor of the South" by the "fire division" under the impetus of official politics and folk beliefs.It has evolved into the development process of "Vulcan".Secondly,in the section of the goddess of the "Agricultural God" of Yandi,how to analyze the adhesion of Yandi and Shennong to each other.The reason for the posterity to admire Yandi is that the "Shen Nong" has given him the status of "agricultural god".In terms of Yandi's agricultural achievements,it generally includes two aspects: one is to discover the grain species,to teach the people to cultivate;the second is to start the work and develop agriculture.Furthermore,it is a discussion of the Emperor Yan's "Rain God".This section takes the unique "Praying Rain Customs-Pressing the Emperor Rain" in Gaoping Changchun Village as anexample to explore the religious nature of the local rain-seeking custom ceremony.The secularity of the faith,the locality of the way,and other characteristics show the ancient customs of the "Peaceful and Seeking Rain" and "King of the Gods" in Gaoping's praying customs.The third chapter analyzes the geographical position of the Yandi tribes.This chapter focuses on the combination of the Yandi tribe activities.The dispute between the academic circles of Emperor Yandi has a long history.The academic circles of "Shen Nong and Yandi belong to two people" have reached a consensus,but when they explore the "hometown",they are mixed together.Therefore,this article advocates that Yandi and Shennong are not the same person.It is also not the same family.The analysis of the inheritance of the two should be separated and cannot be confused.The first section examines the inheritance of Yandi and Shennong respectively,from the similarity of "jiang" to "qiang",the homologous relationship between Jiangshui and Lishui,the geographical scope of the activities of the Jiangyan tribe and the ancient Yi people,and the ecology of the southwestern Gansu in the ancient times.From the perspective of environment and other aspects,it is concluded that Jiang Shui,the land where Emperor Yan was born,belongs to the Qinhuang Cultural Circle.Later,it was transformed from "the iconic place name" to "Shen Nong,the tree of the Qishan Mountain" and "Qishan".The analysis of "cultural place names" concludes that "the scope of Shennong tribal activities should be in the wilderness of the Taihang".The secondsection takes "Changyang Mountain" as the entry point,and advocates that Yandi and Shennong people will eventually become a tribe due to tribal warfare,natural disasters,population migration,etc.Yandi follows the Shennong,hence the name Yandi Shennong;Further explore the relationship between Yangtou Mountain in the ancient Shangdang area and Changyang Mountain in the Gansu area,and clarify the change of the name of“Tongyang Mountain” and “Yangtou Mountain” brought by the migration of Yandi tribe,and think that the modern significance of Changyangshan School The location of Changyang Mountain in the original books has changed.In the third section,we first introduce the "Baoji Chencang" and "Henan Huaiyang" where "Chen" is located,starting from the reasons of the "Chen" of the Yandi Shennong tribe and the "Remains of the Emperor Shennong culture of Chen and Lu".In order to prove that Yandi Shennong tribe has had production activities in Henan and Shandong.The fourth section focuses on the process of "the burial of Changsha" by Emperor Yan,mainly to sort out the stereotypes of the Song Dynasty,the Ming Dynasty,and the Qing Dynasty.The fourth chapter is the geographical comparison of Yandi beliefs.This chapter takes the Yandi beliefs of Shanxi Shangdang,Shaanxi Baoji and Hunan Yanling as the research object,trying to show the characteristics of the Yandi beliefs in different regions,namely,“the function of the Yandi belief in the temple monument”.The locality of the faith" "the diversity of the officialsacrifice and the blood sacrifice of the Emperor Yan." Through the investigation and exploration of the beliefs of Emperor Yandi in the Three Dynasties,the characteristics of the social norm,the folk clan and the multi-functionality of the Yan Emperor's belief embodied in the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the Shangdang area of Shanxi Province were summarized.The text of the Baoji area in Shaanxi Province,The interaction between the custom of the fire red and the Yan Emperor's faith;the bureaucratic(official offerings)and folk songs(blood sacrifices)in the Yanling area of Hunan,the ethics of the faith,the power of the emperor,and other factors,promoted the formation of the regional culture of the Yandi in the south.The Yandi beliefs of the three places have a distinct regional color and become an important way of coherence with local historical traditions and bearing the memory of ordinary people.The fifth chapter is the interaction between contemporary Yandi mythology and cultural landscape.Taking Gaoping Yandi Mausoleum as a case,it focuses on the representative of Yandi's myths and legends in the cultural industrialization trend.The first section mainly analyzes the three levels of the image of contemporary Yandi,namely,the interpretation of the identity of the "human ancestor",the promotion of the "national symbol of the national spirit" and the construction of the "custom god" identity of the Yan Emperor.Through the reading of the classics literature and the folk oral texts,this paper analyzes the formation and existence of Yandi's image underthe infiltration of social consciousness and national discourse.The second section explores the interaction between Yandi mythology and cultural landscape from three aspects: mythological texts,landscape remains,and belief rituals.It believes that landscapes have objectively existing natural attributes and cultural attributes endowed by human life activities,landscape memories.The activation often needs to rely on living resources such as myths and legends and rituals.The third section is to provide suggestions for the problems existing in the development of Yandi Mausoleum cultural industrialization.Gaoping Yandi culture presents the common characteristics of both regional characteristics and national Yandi culture.The overall performance is the continuous disintegration of cultural differences and the increasing convergence.The patterning of the industrialization of Yandi's myths and legends in the way of resource utilization,the mediocrity of cultural landscape creation,and the lag in the development of productive protection have greatly weakened the economic value of Yandi culture.Therefore,how to "tell Gao Ping's own story of Yandi","Build a brand of Yandi culture" and "improve the corresponding public service facilities" are issues that need to be solved in the process of industrialization of Gaoping Yan's Mausoleum.This paper focuses on the excavation of living materials,and attempts to describe the folk form of Yandi myths and legends through the analysis of local oral legends,temple inscriptions,temple activities and beliefs.Each partstrives to use research questions as a starting point,or to organize and discuss past academic discussions,or to present new ideas on related issues,or to combine the newly discovered local materials.In this paper,Yandi culture is placed in the academic background of "folk literature" and "folklore" to pay attention to the historical and cultural background and specific living areas of Yandi culture,in order to present the local historical traditions of Yandi myths and legends and the current status of contemporary people's beliefs.