The Study Of The "Operation TPAJAX" Under The Perspective Of Anglo-America-Iran Trilateral Game(1951-1953)

The“Operation TPAJAX" is an important event in the history of US-Iran relations,which was inspired by Iran's oil nationalization movement and the fear of Iran falling into the Soviet union in the cold war environment.After the first failure,the West succeeded in overthrowing Iran's Mossaddeq regime.History suggests that Britain and America lacked the enough power to topple an elected and legitimate government in the Islamic world in a matter of days,and that the success of the“Operation TPAJAX" was the result of the joint efforts of British,American and the opponents of Mossaddeq in Iran.Next,this article mainly carries on the analysis from three parts to the "Operation TPAJAX".The first chapter of this paper is the first part.It mainly introduces the historical background of the "Operation TPAJAX",which planned by British,American and the anti-Mossaddeq in Iran.And then,it discusses the political environment in Iran after World War II and the competition between UK,US and the Soviet Union.The second,third and fourth chapters of this paper are the second part,which is also the main part of this paper.It explores the direct reasons for the implementation of the" Operation TPAJAX"under the UK and US,and then elaborates the planning and implementation process of the action.After Mossaddeq was elected as the prime minister of Iran,he immediately carried out the nationalization campaign of Iran's oil.Britain immediately took measures to try to force Iran to give up the oil nationalization policy,including force deterrence and economic containment.Considering the Cold War factors,the Democratic government of the United States opposes the use of force to solve the problem of oil nationalization,and suggests both sides solve the dispute through negotiation.Due to the ineffectiveness of the negotiations,the deterioration of the internal situation in Iran and the division of the National Front,the foundation of Mosaddeq's rule began to show signs of shaking.At this time,the newly elected President Eisenhower of the United States changed his previous position of negotiation and tended to take strong measures on this issue.The British also sent the signal of cooperation to the United States for many times.Finally,the two sides decided to take secret action code-named "TPAJAX" against Iran after many times of negotiation.After the failure of the first operation,the plotters and the anti-Mosaddeq in Iran launched a second "coup ".In this operation,the spontaneity of the Iranian and the defection of the army became the key to the success of the anti-Mosaddeq operation.The fifth chapter is the third part.It combines historical facts,summarizes and analyzes the internal connection between the failure and success of the "Operation TPAJAX",the way and degree of the British and American governments' support for the action,the strong anti-Mosaddeq forces in Iran and the public's dissatisfaction with the Mosaddeq regime's influence on the final success of the action.He pointed out that although the operation successfully solved the oil problem and the United States temporarily achieved its strategic objectives in Iran,it also brought political chaos and a long-term dictatorship to Iran.More importantly,it sowed the seeds of hostility towards the west in the deep heart of the Iranian people.