On Xue Xuan's Ethical Thoughts

On the occasion of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties,the science learned the joint point of the transformation of the times.As a representative figure of Zhuzixue in the early Ming Dynasty,Xue Xuan revised and broke through Zhuzixue,realized the "Li" to "Qi",and had an internal transformation.The idea used is to open the first sound of the Ming Dynasty.This thesis overcomes Huang Zongxi's thoughts as the starting point,and combines the philosophical ethics and historiography methods with the philosophical ethics and historiography methods in the early Ming Dynasty.It mainly includes the following aspects.First of all,Xue Xuan's thought is the most important.His thoughts are based on the point of view of gravity.Xue Xuan's philosophy is very inclined to be Qi monism or Qi-based.Xue Xuan's theory of Qi is proposed for Zhu Xi's theory of Li.Xue Xuan's theory of Qi and Qi is “essentially a kind of Qi theory” and has a leading role in the study of Ming and Qing dynasties.He believes that Xue Xuan's philosophical thinking is materialistic,and his epistemology also occupies the position of materialism.The process of Xue Xuan's epistemology is first to hear,see,taste,smell the real object and the form and reason of its existence.Through Xue Xuan's words,"the ear and the mouth are different,and the mind is incompetent" can be inferred.Xue Xuan pays attention to perceptual knowledge,but his understanding does not stop at the emotional stage,and further believes that Li understanding is higher than perceptual knowledge.On the ontological side,Xue Xuan advocates the principle of being gas-based,and on the other hand,advocates the principle of Li.This dualism of Xue Xuan reflects the differentiation of Zhu Zi's philosophy,and also explains the transformation of science in the early Ming Dynasty.The shift of qi and qi to the "gas-based theory" and the second is the change from "Daowenxue" to "Zundexing".This is also the phenomenon that academic thought must have in the course of its development.Secondly,"re-establishment" is the ethical thought of the sect.The core category of Xue Xuan's ethical thought is "Ming" and "Xing".Xue Xuan clearly put forward the proposition of "centered on the mind",and proposed the methodology of revival as the sect.The unity of mind and mind has obvious tendency of mind ontology and generalism.From the perspective of the history of thought history,Cheng Zhu's huge science system has two fundamental problems at the time of Yuan and Ming: First,it is difficult to grasp the theory;secondly,it is rigid in the process of officialization,and then the theory continues to formally break away.practice.Xue Xuan takes renunciation as the core of thought,simplifies the theory of science,restores the traditional cultivation theory,and emphasizes practicality.The main purpose of Xue Xuan's renunciation is to restore people's destiny to the nature of goodness,and then to achieve the combination of "humanity" and "Xinguality",that is,the "same person and man" in the realm of saints.The nature of destiny is the best in every person,and the same is true.Therefore,regardless of the saints or ordinary people,they can become sages through renaturation.After renaturation,they will reach the point of view.After the revival,all things in heaven and earth are integrated with me,reaching the realm of harmony between man and nature.Finally,we examine the ethical practice and practical thinking based on the theory of qi.The most basic aspect of Xue Xuan's epistemology is to critically absorb the Li core of Zhu Xi's theory of “thinking the matter” on the basis of the cosmology of qi-based and qi-harmony,and put forward the simple reflection theory of “mind-to-mind reflection”.Xue Xuan's critical achievements in reforming Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism are also based on the cosmology and epistemology of plain materialism,criticizing the shortcomings of Zhu Xi's ethics,absorbing the ideological components of practicality,and actively advocating and establishing from theory and practice.The practical and practical "real learning" thoughts and style of study have played a direct leading role in the "realistic thoughts" that emerged in the middle of Ming Dynasty,and are the theoretical pioneers of the "pragmatic" style of the Ming Dynasty.