A Study Of Plato And Aristotle’s Theory Of Consciousness

In contemporary philosophy of mind,the issue of consciousness is crucial to the mind and body problem,and J.A.Shaffer points out that all kinds of psychological phenomena contain consciousness.T.Nagel said:Without the problem of consciousness,the problem of mind and body is meaningless.C.McGinn believes that with consciousness,the solution to the problem of mind and body seems to be hopeless.All psychological phenomena or a large part of psychological phenomena run through consciousness.Consciousness is their common factor and is a crucial determinant.Therefore,the explanation of other psychological phenomena necessarily or ultimately involves the interpretation of consciousness.Therefore,the issue of consciousness has always been one of the hot issues of research.In the past few decades,philosophers,psychologists and neuroscientists have tried to open the "black box" of consciousness,exposed the problems,and tried to the discover the origin and essence of consciousness.Although great progress has been made in previous studies,we find that when people reflect on ancient Greek philosophy,they hardly talk about consciousness.However,there are many studies on this issue in modern times and in modern and medieval times,but there were no words corresponding to English,German and French in ancient Greece.So we turned to the ancient Greek sages to see if they had conscious questions.If so,how to describe and solve it.In China,although the academic circles have made positive results in the study of Plato and Aristotle,such as the ancient Greek philosophy research expert Mr.Miao Litian presided over the translation of The Aristotle Complet Works,Tsinghua University Professor Wang Xiaochao also translated The Complete Works of Plato.But there is still a flaw that cannot be underestimated,which is lacking sufficient understanding and cognition of their consciousness theory,and even some philosophers mistakenly believe that Plato and Aristotle have no theory of consciousness at all.Indeed,in the ancient Greek philosophical literature we know,no single term can correspond to the consciousness in English,German,French and Latin.However,in today’s philosophical world,people do not recognize the concept of universal recognition of "consciousness".It is still a very chaotic and extremely ambiguous concept.Different people can use it in different meanings.The "consciousness" that different philosophers express is not the same one.And it is difficult to find commonality between the various uses of the word.First of all,through definition and clarification,we find the ideology thoughts contained in ancient Greek philosophy from the literature of Chinese and foreign scholars.Fortunately,domestic scholars have already paid attention to this phenomena.For example,when Professor Gao Xinmin,a pioneer of philosophy of mind in China,discussed the ideological origin of intentional theory in the book Intentionality and Artificial Intelligence,he has discovered the value of ancient Greece Philosophy.There are rich ideology thoughts in it,such as "knowing,knowing" and the popular"feeling nature" of today.However,in ancient Greece,the way of expressing consciousness is quite different from that of us.Of course,there are similarities.For example,they also recognize that we are the subject of cognitive activities.Secondly,before the development of Plato and Aristotle’s ideology research,we need to discuss how ancient Greek philosophers knew the mind and whether it involved consciousness.Through observation,Aristotle noticed that there are two things that are different from each other:some have life,others have no life;some are conscious,others are unconscious.We have now proved that these differences are illusory,as life can be completely explained by inanimate elements.However,such a sharp distinction must have a reason.We can regard this reason as a soul.And if the nature of the soul can be said in a nutshell and has a definite structure,its actions become understandable and predictable,and the soul is no longer a soul.However,we can understand the soul through analysis,such as distinguishing different types of souls.Again,we have a carpeted "scan" of Plato and Aristotle’s literature,and found that Plato believes that the principle of soul interpretation is a type of experience of soul interpretation,and this principle applies to any general and special sexual level.Aristotle also clearly distinguishes between the difference between sleeping and waking up from sleep or coma,and this is where the concept of consciousness is similar to the concept of perception.But he did not use any word to refer to the phenomenon in our minds.The term itself appeared only very late,and he did not have the unique epistemological problems in Descartes’ concept of consciousness,such as privacy or clarity.Finally,we will come to the conclusion that for Plato and Aristotle,consciousness is not mysterious,they not only involve this problem,but their answers also have advantages for modern consciousness theory.They not only deal with the issue of consciousness and intention,but also give unique answers to the consciousness problems that arise in life.