A Study On The Bureaucracy And Its Operating Mechanism In Hua Dong's Oral Inscriptions

The oracle inscriptions of Huadong recorded the aristocratic families and their activities in Shang Dynasty with "Zi" as the core,which is of great significance to the study of aristocratic bureaucratic groups and their activities in Shang Dynasty.Through the analysis and combing of the relevant Oracle inscriptions,we can understand the composition of the bureaucratic groups and the process of their power operation seen in the oracle inscriptions of Huadong,and play an important role in the study of the bureaucratic forms of the Shang Dynasty.This paper makes a detailed study of the bureaucracy and its operation mechanism in Huadong's Oracle inscriptions,and tries to reveal the process of the bureaucratic groups and their power operation in Huadong's Oracle inscriptions.Firstly,Firstly,this paper focuses on combing and analyzing the bureaucratic groups and their composition seen in Huadong's Oracle inscriptions.Through analysis and research,we think that the official system of the sub-family can be divided into four parts: minister,military officer,civil officer and others.Specifically,the group of Ministers is composed of ministers,multi-ministers,pi-ministers,multi-imperial ministers and Donin.Among them,ministers and ministers accounted for 6.45% and 4.51% respectively.Military officers,including Ya,Shi,Duo Zuo and Duojiechen,have begun to take shape in a large-scale and institutionalized way.However,the relevant records are less than 1.29%.Civil officials are composed of Zhenren,Yin,Duoyin,Shi,Royal Shi,Duoyin and multi-taskers,accounting for 57.41% of the total.It should be pointed out that among the civil servants,the Zhenren official whose main divination subject is the family leader "Zi" has the highest proportion(50.32%).They are the most active group in the bureaucratic group of the sub-family because they are commanded and dominated by "Zi".Others are aristocratic groups composed of Hou,Bo,Duozi and women.They have the power of aristocratic officials and are an important part of the ruling class as seen in Huadong's oracle.In short,the bureaucratic system of the sub-clans in Huadong's oracle inscriptions is based on the Shang King,with the "son" as the main body,with the ministers,ministers,Duoyin,Duoning and history as the main assistants,together with the early official system in which Pichen,Duoyuzheng,Ya,Shooting,Duozuo,Duojiechen,Zhenren,Yushi,Duowan,Duogong,Hou,Bo,Duozi and women participated.Secondly,this paper focuses on combing and analyzing the way of power operation of bureaucracy as seen in Huadong's Oracle inscriptions.The power operation of bureaucracy seen in Huadong's inscriptions is mainly interpreted through the governance model of the sub-family.Generally speaking,the governance model of the sub-family in Huadong's oracle inscriptions is mainly embodied in the following five points: first,sacrifice to control its gods.The second is tribute,in order to control its use.Thirdly,it is military to control its power.Fourth,etiquette and custom to control the people.Fifth,marriage,as brothers.Specifically,"Zi",as an important representative of Huadong's "non-king oracle",grasped the sacrificial right through divination and sacrifice;took advantage of the diversity of Gongna to control the economic lifeline;relying on clan armed,realized internal defense demonstration and external conquest and plunder;used celebration,Xiangyan and field hunting rituals to harmonize clan relatives and nobles;and played a political role in marriage and wife relations.Yes,in-laws with many families.Huadong "Zi" integrates and condenses the two social forces of clan and in-laws,realizes the effective governance of the family,is a model of the family governance model of Shang Dynasty,and is of great significance to the study of the governance model of the aristocratic family of Shang Dynasty.Thirdly,this paper focuses on the characteristics of the bureaucracy and its operating mechanism seen in Huadong's Oracle inscriptions.The bureaucratic system that Huadong saw has taken shape,from ministers to military officers,from historians to others.This official system is tied by consanguinity and patriarchal clan system,mainly by calling and tribute,backed by the army and prison,constrained by social etiquette and custom,supported by marriage and courtship,and with distinct ranks and can not be overstepped.Finally,it is the conclusion of this paper,which is a general summary of the paper.The bureaucracy of the sub-family and its mode of operation epitomize the ruling mode of the Shang Dynasty.It not only has the commonness of general aristocratic family bureaucracy and its operation mode,but also has its own personality,which is of great significance to the study of aristocratic family bureaucracy and its operation mechanism in Shang Dynasty.