| Shandong Consultation Bureau is one of the most important contents of New Deal at the end of Qing dynasty in Shandong province, and it basically models western democracy mode though it is only nominal representative department. The establishment of Shandong Consultation Bureau leads to the first appearance of local legislative and supervisory constitutional framework, and it can be said the necessity of the constant development of modern Shandong society. Shandong Consultation Bureau used to be the main stage for Shandong bourgeoisie constitutionalist to explore modern democracy and politics, and it is also the preparation of Shandong parliament in Republic of China period. Though Shandong Consultation Bureau exists only over two years, its exemplary role and significance of progress deserve more research.This paper includes the following six aspects: Chapter one starts mainly from Shandong modern capitalist economic development and the growth of the national bourgeoisie forces, the development of education in modern Shandong and the growth of the contingent of intellectuals and the spread of new ideas, analyzes the background and reasons for the foundation of Shandong Consultation Bureau. Chapter two describes the preparation, and establishment and end of Shandong Consultation Bureau with the focus on its elections, establishment and the end. Chapter three is analysis of the members of Shandong Consultation Bureau. This chapter analyzes the members'ages, origins and geographical areas and explores its members'structural components and influences, and analyzes terms to fill a vacancy, the members'authority and salary levels and their roles. Chapter four analyzes the bills with the focus on Detailed Rules of Shandong Consultation Bureau, and analyzes its source and content of the bill from horizontal and vertical aspect with a brief summary of the proposal of the bureau and its bills with the introduction of the bills'implementation. Chapter five is about Shandong Bureau's practice. This chapter, starting from the bureau's participation in local self-government, the National Assembly's petition campaign to revitalize the industrial and other social services and participation in Laihai anti-tax movement, introduces Shandong Bureau's Consultation's unremitting efforts in promoting the modernization of Shandong. Chapter six, starting from the members and bills, compares the systems between the bureaus of Shandong and other provinces, by comparison, we can see that Shandong Consultation Bureau undoubtedly advance in the forefront of the country.Through reviewing the background and process of Shandong Consultation Bureau, analyzing its councilors and bills, understanding the fight of progressive councilors and main activities of Shandong Consultation Bureau, we can find out Shandong Consultation Bureau was founded after a long process of preparation and democratic election, and councilors are mainly enlightened esquires including constitutionalist even revolutionists. Councilors exercised their rights actively and proposed and solved lots of bills which embodied the requirements of national bourgeoisie and promoted the progress of Shandong province, and they were also dedicated to Shandong's modernization. Some progressive councilors had a dauntless fight with fogyism and corrupt rules. Shandong Consultation Bureau played an important part in Congress petition and promoted the constitution movement to climax. Though the latter period of Shandong Consultation Bureau was substituted by Shandong circuit inspector system and became its public opinion tool and became opponents of progressive power. It was finally replaced by Shandong Shandong parliament. However, it was a brilliant part of Shandong's modernization. |
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