Study On "Tunzheng'' In Miao Area Of Western Hunan During Jiaqing Period Of Qing Dynasty

After the implementation of "returning to the motherland" in qianlong period,a large number of officials and people of han nationality entered the miao area.In the process of implementing the policy,many problems of economic interests between the people and miao people appeared.There were many officials,bandits and landlords who "took over" and "exploited" the miao people.They protected the han people and oppressed the miao people in the disputes between the latter and the former.As a result,the contradiction between the local government and the miao people intensified.Therefore,the miao uprising broke out,the miao people of each village spontaneously formed a military team to resist the oppression of the qing government,in order to show their dissatisfaction and resentment of government officials rule.So,the qing government sent hundreds of thousands of qing soldiers and many governors to "ping miao",and finally the two-year uprising of the miao people ended in failure.However,after the uprising,the qing government realized the instability of social politics of "miao jiang",so it implemented a series of policies to "stabilize" miao jiang and effectively govern miao jiang.After the implementation of "village administration",the social order in western hunan and miao areas was relatively stabilized,and the social and economic development of miao areas was promoted to a certain extent.Based on the outbreak of the miao uprising in qianjia and jia dynasties,this paper mainly studies the following contents through the analysis of historical materials and documents: first,the changes in social economy,military affairs,culture and other aspects of "miao xinjiang" in western hunan after the "pingding" uprising.During the reign of jiaqing,the qing government carried out the "village administration" to stabilize the "miao region",thus building the border wall and sentry posts.Second: the specific policies on "village administration".From the "average land" measures of all departments and counties in western hunan,to the specific distribution of farmland,the recruitment and training of soldiers,the management measures of miao benten and the process of "average banding",due to the shortage of phoenix office land,the specific process of loaning land to linxian county,mayang and luxi.Third: the influence of local politics,military affairs,social economy,culture and education after the implementation of "tuen zheng" in west hunan.This paper tries to make a unified analysis of all contents of the "village administration" carried out by "miao xinjiang" in western hunan,and discusses that under the social and historical background at that time,it managed the miao region successfully and stabilized the relationship between the people and miao at that time.It is helpful to understand the historical development of western hunan and miao areas during the jiaqing period,and to provide references for local ethnic work.