The Comparative Study Of "Yi Qi"(“??”),"Gong Tong"(“??”) And "Tong Shi"(“??”) In Modern Chinese

As high-frequency words in modern Chinese,there is an overlapping relationship,harmonious but diverse,among“yi qi”(“??”),“gong tong”(“??”)and“tong shi”(“??”)regarding the aspects of lexical development,words meaning and syntax application.With synchronic and diachronic study combined,and the research methods of description and interpretation integrated,this paper will adopt qualitative and quantitative analysis,as well as comparative analysis on the three subjects by collecting a large quantity of linguistic data,so as to detect their similarities and differences intensively and extensively.The paper is divided into five parts:The first part is Introduction,which briefs on the basis of topic choice and the current research status of “yi qi”,“gong tong”and “tong shi”.Besides,it also mentions the significance and innovation of this study,and introduces the research methodology and corpus resource.The second section compares the development of the part of speech and lexicalization of the three words.On the part of speech,the three all belong to multi-category words with dual-purpose when used in modern Chinese.While through the study about their lexicalization,it is discovered that the three words are generated from phrases with the formation of different parts of speech,instead of always being used this way at the beginning of existence.Among them,the thesis starts first with study about the lexicalization process of “gong tong”,pointing out that the adjective“gong tong” functioning as predicate and object of the sentence has ceased to exist,and now it already evolves into an attributive words as an attribute.It is compared the semantic feature and semantic orientation of the three words in the third part.Despite of a common semantic basis,the semantic focus of their semantic features is diverse.Under the major premise of expressing the meaning of [+collaborative],the word“yi qi”could emphasize both the [+ cooperative],and also the[+ independent],while “gong tong” focuses only on the meaning of [+ cooperative]and “ tong shi ” merely on the [+ independent];" Under the major premise of expressing [+ temporal],“yi qi”underlines the [+ period] and also the [+ timing],but“gong tong” more centers on the [+ period],rarely showing the meaning of [+ timing],while “tong shi” places emphasis on [+ timing];When showing the [+ endemic]meaning,the three could be used interchangeably under certain conditions;in addition,“gong tong” is semantically different from “yi qi”and “tong shi”.The three words are made up of different components regarding semantic orientation,with “tong shi”being of more variance than “yi qi”and “gong tong”.The fourth part compares syntactic features of these three words.First,macro comparison is made on their various syntactic functions,followed by micro exploration into the same syntactic function of the three.The latter is manifested in two aspects,more specifically,the similarities and differences of the substantive component and the predicative component of the sentence when the three words function as adverbial.The fifth part is the Conclusion.This section summarizes the whole research conclusion and points out deficiencies of the paper.