A Study On The Policy Of The United States Towards The Philippine Garrison(1969-1979)

Philippines is an important ally of the United States in Asia,and its strategic position is important.In 1947,the United States and the Philippines signed the United States-Philippines Military Base Agreement,which officially opened the history of the United States garrison in the Philippines after the war.Because of the important geographical position of the Philippines,the United States attaches importance to the operation of the military base in the Philippines.During the Vietnam War,the Philippine base played a "bridgehead" and became an important maintenance and supply base for the United States Air Force and Navy.At the end of the 60 s,the Vietnam War was deadlocked,and the cold war situation in Asia changed.After the introduction of Nixonism,the withdrawal from the Vietnam War and the reduction of its Asian strategy became the Asian strategy of the United States.Against this background,the United States has adjusted its garrison policy to Philippines through three presidents.This paper is divided into four parts based on the US policy adjustment to the Philippine Garrison and the US-Philippine military base negotiationsThe first part introduces the reasons why the United States adjusts its policy towards the Philippine garrison.Although the United States and the Philippines reached the "Military Base Agreement" in 1947,there are great differences on the issue of jurisdiction.Therefore,the agreement was not reached and the two sides shelved the issue for the time being.With the occurrence of a series of US military judicial cases,the contradictions between the Philippines and Philippines jurisdiction appear.This has become an important problem that the United States has to face.In addition,nationalist sentiment in the Philippines rose in the 1960 s,and there were calls against the United States to maintain military bases.Judicial cases involving the United States Garrison and living standards far higher than those of the local people also stimulated anti-American sentiment among the Philippine people.After the Nixon administration came to power,the United States began to carry out a strategic contraction policy,reducing the military presence abroad has become an important issue.Therefore,the United States began to adjust its policy towards the Philippine garrison.The second part introduces the adjustment policy in the period of Nixon and Ford.This period is the initial period for the US to adjust its policy to the garrison.Emphasis has been placed on policy research and planning.In the process,facing the dual pressure from both domestic and Philippine sides,the Nixon administration finally formed a preliminary reduction plan and began negotiations.Until the Ford took office,the US and Philippine negotiations on the deadlock failed to break.On the basis of compensation for military bases and joint defense,differences between the US and the Philippines continue to be delayed compared with the negotiations of the ambassadors.The third part introduces the Carter administration’s adjustment and final completion of the Philippine garrison policy.The Carter administration took over the issues left over by the previous administration re-examined the U.S.plan and re-examined the negotiating position.On some issues,such as the amount of compensation,base control and other key issues,the Carter administration made concessions,and strive to achieve a new agreement.The government of Philippines has also made certain compromises in order to settle the negotiations on the military bases at an early date.The signing of the new Military Base Agreement in 1979 also marked the formal completion of the policy adjustment of the Philippine garrison since the Nixon period,and basically achieved the strategic purpose of the United States of America to "abolish without withdrawal,withdraw without departure".