Explicitation And Implicitation In The English Translation Of Mo Yan's Wa(?)Book One Based On Systemic-Functional Linguistics

Researchers have paid great attention to translation universals since they were proposed by Baker(1993).Within translation universals,explicitation is the main focus,and researches on it are comprehensive,which includes clarifying vague concepts,applying various theories for explaining it,and adopting new methodology,such as corpus,etc.However,implicitation is rarely studied comparing to explicitation.It is necessary to pay more attention to implicitation researches.Based on systemic-functional linguistics(SFL),this research constructs the typology frameworks for explicitation and implicitation.To begin with,it contrasts the source text of Wa(?)and its English version Frog,and collects data according to the frameworks.Secondly,it gets the quantitative results and then the differences between explicitation and implicitation in Frog Book One through a comparative analysis.Lastly,based on the results above,it analyzes the causes for explicitation and implicitation in the target text from three aspects respectively.This research finds that firstly,the number of implicitation cases is close to that of explicitation cases,which is 380 versus 410.And both explicitation and implicitation lay stress on experiential realization primarily and then textual realization.As for explicitation,experiential explicitation is realized mainly by adding or substituting processes and circumstance elements;interpersonal explicitation is realized mainly by adding or substituting attitude elements;textual explicitation is realized mostly by adding connectives,like logic links,including subordinating conjunctions and coordinating conjunctions indicating time,cause,transition,etc.The main strategy of explicitaion realization is addition.As for implicitation,experiential implicitation is realized mainly by omitting or substituting processes and modifiers;interpersonal implicitation is realized mainly by omitting or substituting attitude elements;and textual implicitation is realized mostly by omitting repetitious elements and substituting references.The repetitious elements mainly include redundant engagement elements and processes.And the main strategy of implicitation realization is omission.Secondly,the differentiation and connection of explicitation and implicitation are that both of them emphasize firstly experiential realization and secondly interpersonal realization,but the way of realizing are different;besides that,these two phenomena sometimes occur at the same time,because of the shift of viewpoint in the target text,etc.Thirdly,there are three main causes of these two phenomena respectively in Frog Book One.Two of them are shared causes,which are: 1.the differences between Chinese and English;2.the translator's subjectivity.And there is a special cause for explicitation and implicitation respectively.For explicitation,the special cause is the fuzziness of language in the source text,including the vagueness of language itself and the indeterminacy of literary works.For implicitation,the special cause is the economic principle of language in the target text.