Historical Relativism And Its Analysis

The 19th century was an era in which the rationality of natural science dominated,and the positivist methods in natural science research gradually became popular.In this context,Ranke has incorporated absolute scientific rationality into historiography and conducted an empirical exploration of human history.This practice has been sought after by people and has thus embarked on the mainstream position in the history of the world.However,with the opening of relativism and the new historiography,the objective historiography,which advertises absolute rationality,has gradually declined.The relativistic historiography,which is opposite to Rank's historiography,has gradually emerged and developed rapidly.Historical relativism is characterized by the denial of historical objectivity,truth,and identifiability.Relativist scholars distinguish the historical and factual history of the original with the value factor of historiography.Emphasizing the existence of history is inseparable from people's language and writing.It is inseparable from the subjective construction of historians.Historical reconstruction theory of history.Based on historical positivism,this paper first explores the background of historical relativism.On the basis of analyzing the distinctive features of Ranke's historiography,the relativists reveal the limitations of objective historiography and give refutation.Secondly,it reveals the idealist nature of historical relativists in ontology,epistemology and methodology.In terms of methodology,relativist historians distinguish between historiography and natural science based on the nature of history,historical research objects,research purposes,and historical thinking,and criticize the empirical research methods of objectiveist historiography.On the ontology,the relativists elaborate on the subjective elements of interpretation,imagination,and so on,which are historical facts and historical facts.In epistemology,this thesis reveals the deconstruction of historical objectivity by the relativists from three aspects: historical cognition subject,historical cognition object and historical interpretation method.Finally,it explores the possible risks and overcoming strategies caused by historical relativism as idealistic historical views.The development of historical relativism is bound to produce risks such as dissolving the objectivity of history,obliterating the true value of history,and impacting mainstream values.This paper puts forward corresponding solutions from the aspects of establishing Marx's historical materialism,strengthening the historical quality education of the public,and promoting cultural self-confidence.