The Semantic Study Of The Basic Core Words In 24 Languages

In this study,a total of 24 languages were selected and 60 basic core words were identified.After a series of processing,we finally got all the meanings of 60 basic core words in 24 languages,analyzed the data of total number of meaning items and average number of meaning items,and described the specific meanings of 60 core words in 24 languages in detail.The main findings are as follows:In 24 languages,60 basic core word items fluctuate roughly around 4,but there are differences in the ability of different word classes to generate meanings within a language,and there is no uniformity in generating extended meanings of different parts of speech in different languages.Generally speaking,verbs have the most average meanings in 24 languages,followed by adjectives and nouns,and the average meanings of pronouns and numerals are relatively small.There is no obvious difference in the ability of meaning extension between different language families.Among the large categories of language families,there are languages with strong ability of meaning extension and languages with weaker extension ability.If we re-divide the language relationship from the perspective of extension,the current situation of language materials can't achieve the goal.Semantic extension is a common phenomenon.The 24 languages tend to increase the meanings of the original words by means of metaphor or metonymy without adding new words,giving them metaphorical or metonymic meanings,and concisely displaying the concepts that are complex or difficult to express in concise language.The extensibility of the same word in different languages is different,and the extensibility of each language is strong or weak in its own whole vocabulary system,and these two imbalances are ubiquitous.The extended meanings of basic core words in different languages are quite different.The differences are mainly manifested in regional culture,historical culture,religious culture,social traditional culture,geographical environment,labor and life,and knowledge system.