The Study On The Concept Of "Yong" Of The Confucians In The Pre-Qin Period

This paper mainly relies on the analects of Confucius,mencius,xunzi and other documents,to explore the "yong" concept of Confucius,mencius and xunzi in the pre-qin period.Early in the history,the book of songs "and so on literature," yong "experienced a change of character,the physical characteristics of puissant early characterization of appearance,the use of the" strength ","Yong Fu",said the meaning of the intrinsic quality and mental status,with the use of the "courage",then,"yong"— the word became a moral category,is the spring and autumn period,one of the noble must abide by the code of ethics.In the spring and autumn period and the warring states period,the characteristics of frequent wars gave birth to the concept of "taking the force as the courage" Confucius explored the different meanings and values of " yong ",Confucius inherited the concept of "yong" from his predecessors,incorporated "yong" into the Confucian ideological system with "benevolence" as the core and "courtesy" as the norm to investigate the meaning of "yong",realized the integration of righteousness,courtesy,knowledge and benevolence to "yong",elevated "yong" to one of the three virtues,and emphasized the important value and function of "yong" to the cultivation and improvement of personality.Emphasizes the cultivation of the courage,from the perspective of repair in mencius "yong" to "loftiness" as the highest pursuit,xun zi's "yong" values emphasize the discipline of the day after tomorrow,in particular to comply with the provisions of the "etiquette" and "rites" and "courage" to cultivate one's morality as this,Mencius and xun zi on the level and type of Confucian concept of "yong" more detailed division,Mencius divides bravery into small bravery and big bravery,Xunzi divided the bravery into different types,that is,the bravery of pigs and dogs,the bravery of thieves,the bravery of villains,and the bravery of gentlemen.In addition,he believes that there are different levels of bravery,namely,upper bravery,middle bravery and lower bravery,Mencius and xun zi in the warring states period,Their concept of "yong" was extended to include not only the aristocracy but also the common people,which also reflected the tendency of the Confucian concept of "yong" to be popularized in this period.The legalist concept of "yong" is characterized by the rejection of "yong" as an individual personality,the use of "law" to constrain the courage of individuals,the advocate of "yong" for the use of the state,and the encouragement of the people to fight bravely.The comparative study of the concept of "yong" between Confucianism and law shows the characteristics and significance of the concept of "yong" in Confucianism,that is,the concept of "yong" in Confucius,mencius and xunzi is consistent,That is to say,from the personal level,yong is a person's essential quality,representing a kind of courage to go forward in spite of difficulties,From the perspective of the state,when the society was out of order in the spring and autumn period and the warring states period,The aim and goal of the Confucian concept of "yong" was to restore the ideal and stable social order,and "yong" was manifested as a sense of responsibility and the pursuit of the stability of the social order.