Academic Research On The Criterion Of "Hypocrite" And "Saint" Of Confucius And Mencius

Through the three concepts of "benevolence","righteousness" and"rituality",Confucius affirmed the moral subject "jen" of value activities.This subject has transcendence and can only pass through self-examination and self-realization,but cannot pass through cognition and experience objects.Come here."Benevolence" is both a moral subject and its own essence,so it has the pursuit of its" own essence.This leads to the concepts of "moderateness" and "hypocriteConfucius' "The Doctrine of the Mean " can not only realize the freedom of moral subjects,but also fulfill your own awareness of values in real life;Confucius'"hypocrite ",which do not know how to benevolent," and "Courtesy".The empirical content of the ceremonial system is "benevolence" itself,so its daily behavior is blindly imitating "ritual",although the behavior is similar,but there is no virtue.Since both behaviors contain "rituals",reality is difficult to distinguish.Faced with this theoretical difficulty,Confucius will link moral and practical powers and propose an "ideal model" of“coordination with morality." By assuming that"the size of morality is directly proportional to social status",the scope of judgment will be confined in place.On the powers of the powers,by observing whether their specific behaviors are in line with their own specific role obligations,that is,"respectively responsible positions"to judge "moderateness" and "hypocrite".In contrast to Confucius's "benevolence," besides the theory that"human essence should be good",Mencius does a theoretical argument for"benevolence," and also puts forward the theory of "unmoving the mind"for cultivation,which is more practical."Humanity is good" also affirms the main body of value activities,but also the actual nature of the implementation of the "good" nature requirements,but people have "big body" and "small body",the reality of the "small body" is also tempted to hinder,easy to appear realistic The deviation of the practice direction of "goodness" has resulted in the proposal of "unmoving the mind"(Don't be tempted)to prevent the sinking of the moral subject.From this feature of "the theory of good nature," the concepts of "the golden mean" and "the willingness of the township" are derived.Mencius' s"nature of the mean" lies in constantly surmounting the difficulties in reality and fulfilling the state of "goodness" with a sense of commitment and anxieties.Mencius's "hypocrite" is abandoning halfway,being harassed by external influences in the implementation of sexuality,self-defeating and leading others to fall.However,both have had actual activities of "goodness" and are difficult to discern.Faced with this theoretical difficulty,Mencius associates the transcendence of morality with the shape of experience.It is assumed that "body" and "heart"can influence each other,and that the implementation of "goodness" will inevitably change the shape of human beings,and that“the golden mean”The shape of the body achieves "rationalization of the feelings of life"and produces "awe-inspiring spirit",thus serving as the criterion for distinguishing "the golden mean" from the " hypocrite " "The criteria used by Confucius and Mencius to evaluate the "moderate" and " hypocrite" are all based on moral activities.When implemented in the selection and cultivation of talents in ancient societies,they focus on the direction of will and ignore the actual content of experience.However,it must not be turned upside down,and the "experienced technical ability" is the basis for judging the talents.Consciousness of value is the source of people's motives,and thus there is the possibility of the construction of all cultural systems.However,people also have other levels of activities.We should add other layers of judgment basis on the premise of insisting on“ethical activities”as the fundamental basis.This requires scholars to work together to continuously carry out theoretical construction and practice amendments.