| "Gentleman" is an ideal personality paradigm in which Chinese virtue condenses in human's subjective life,and it is one of the ideal realms achieved by self-improvement and self-transcendence.Subjective consciousness plays an indispensable role in this process.As a typical representative of Confucian ideal personality,"Gentleman"profoundly influenced the moral value orientation of scholars of all ages.Confucius,Mencius,Xunzi,as important representatives of pre-Qin Confucianism,respectively expounded rich gentleman thoughts in The Analects of Confucius,Mencius and Xunzi,and the inheritance and development process of their gentleman thoughts is essentially the evolution process of their subjective consciousness.Confucius,Mencius and Xunzi endowed the "gentleman" with rich connotations,and raised the"gentleman" to the ideal realm and value pursuit of life from the aspect of subjective consciousness.Confucius' humanistic feelings of "asking people first,not asking horses" reflected the full awakening of his class consciousness.Then Confucius gave full play to his individual consciousness to match "position" with "virtue",and completed the transformation of gentleman's connotation from "position" to "virtue".The virtuous gentleman becomes the ideal personality which the confucianists pursue.Gentleman loves kindheartedness and acts kindheartedness,gives full play to the subjective initiative of "being benevolent and self-reliant",loves people and things with kindness,then,"to speak with kindheartedness","to be brave with kindheartedness","to be etiquette with kindheartedness","to be polite with kindheartedness" and "to be kindhearted and trustworthy".On the premise that gentlemen are different from"things" and "people",cultivate your body and mind with the virtues of "kindheartedness,wisdom,courage,righteousness,etiquette and trustworthiness",And then be a gentleman instead of others.Confucius believed that the fundamental way to become a gentleman lies in exerting his own subjective consciousness,cultivate oneself with "loyalty",treat people with "forgiveness",from "loyalty and forgiveness" to "kindheartedness",finally,inquire into the "golden mean" realm of life and beauty.Confucius' exploration of gentleman's personality,irrelevant interests,irrelevant power,it represents the awakening of people's individual consciousness and their yearning pursuit of life value and ideal home.Mencius inherited the characteristics of Confucius gentleman's "Kindheartedness",and thought that "Kindheartedness" stipulated human nature,and all human behaviors were controlled by "Kindheartedness".According to the inner ideology of "Kindheartedness",then investigate the origin of the four virtues of "kindheartedness,righteousness,etiquette and wisdom".Compared with Confucius,Mencius highlighted the great "righteousness" of gentlemen,and whether it is righteous or not depends entirely on the will of the subject.Under "kindheartedness and righteousness","propriety",which originated from "respectful heart",has become the code of conduct for gentlemen's subject to self-restraint,and "wisdom",which is contrary to "right and wrong heart",has cultivated gentlemen's self-intelligence,wisdom and morality.Correctly grasp self-subject consciousness,cultivate one's mind and become a gentleman.Mencius attaches great importance to himself,based on the theory of goodness of nature,keeps goodness of nature by "cultivating nature with heart",molds the integrity of gentleman's "great husband" by "cultivating noble spirit",and exalts the independent personality of "everything is ready for me",which makes the subject's individual consciousness fully developed.Xunzi inherited Confucius' gentleman thought,raised "etiquette" to the highest position,and attached importance to the cultivation of gentleman's rational individual consciousness.Xunzi believes that due to the innate evil of human beings,it is necessary to change the innate nature through the acquired learning behaviors such as"transforming nature into falsehood","governing spirit and nourishing heart",and internalize the rational requirements such as etiquette,etiquette and law into the rational conscious behavior of the subject.Compared with Confucius and Mencius,Xunzi pays more attention to the social and political effects of gentlemen,and seeks the ideal society of "inner holiness" to achieve "outer king".Xunzi affirmed the gentleman's efforts the day after tomorrow,paying attention to learning,knowing and saluting righteousness,treating goodness as beauty,adhering to the individual consciousness of "painting people can be Yu",facing up to and affirming self-worth,and realizing the unity of individual rational consciousness and social value.The process of people's subjective consciousness from scratch is like a shining milky way,which shines in the historical universe.Confucius,Mencius and Xunzi,as important representatives in this long river,have a strong sense of historical responsibility and mission,and play and develop individual consciousness in concrete social practice.When Confucius explored the "kindheartedness" of gentlemen,the individual consciousness is awakened and released;Mencius fully developed the independent individual consciousness when highlighting the "righteousness" of gentlemen;Xunzi affirmed the value of rational individual consciousness when emphasizing the "etiquette" of gentlemen.With the efforts of Confucius,Mencius,Xunzi and other Pre-Qin Confucians,the "gentleman" thought of Pre-Qin Confucianism nourishes a batch of people with lofty ideals and kindheartedness,and provides a strong theoretical support for cultivating moral models that keep pace with the times. |
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