"Interaction Between Ti And Yong" And "Succeeding Good And Forming Human Nature"

Wang Ch'uan-shan's theory of human nature is linked to his view on the relationship between principle and material force.Ch'uan-shan's claim to the relationship between principle and material force shows the fundamental difference from Neo-Confucianism.This difference represents the change of thinking mode in these two periods,which is manifested by their theories of ti and yong.In Ch'eng-Chu's(?????)theories,although they have the saying of "ti and yong come from the same source",the relationship between the transcendental principles and the metaphysical material force is that transcendence determines the existence of all things,which implys a common attitude that Ch'eng-Chu actually atached more importance to principles(substance)while belittling material force(function),which led to the ignorance of the existence of the empirical part.On the other hand,Ch'uan-shan's"interaction between ti and yong"is a solution to the difficulty in the construction of Ontology of Song-Ming Confucianism.Ch'uan-shan affirmed that ti and yong are interdependent and inseparable.At the same time,it also emphasized the importance of yong for ti,that is,the empirical existence can influence the metaphysical substance in return.The fundamental purpose of Ch'uan-shan's theory of human nature is to affirm the value and significance of human being as a real existence.Therefore,compared to Song-Ming's esteem of heavenly principle(tianli),Ch'uan-shan's attitude towards qi(material force)and the human being's physical existence based on qi is quite positive.We can better understand Ch'uan-shan's view of human nature with his mindset of"interaction between ti and yong".There are two meanings for ti and yong,one is being(benti)and its manifestation in the ontological sense:another is the substance and function in the empirical sense.Ch'uan-shan acknowledged that human nature is metaphysical.It must be manifested by people's practical activities.In addition,Ch'uan-shan paid more attention to the value of substance and function in empirical sense,the human body is formed by material force,which represents a person's real existence.The audiovisual sensation of people is the function of the human body.Human nature is condensed in human body,and its manifestation can only be realized with the help of people's practical action.while the physical use of human presence is practice-oriented.Human body's existence lies in the practical use of itself in daily life,so the manifestation of human nature is not a one-way determination of human perceptual activities,but that people can actively embody their own nature in their practical activities and consciously follow moral standards.Since then,the perceptual existence of human can also have an impact on human nature.The interaction between the metaphysical part and the empirical part is the true embodiment of Ch'uan-shan's thinking pattern.