| For a long time,the Northern Song Dynasty and the neighboring ethnic minority regimes were in a state of confrontation.Since 982,the relationship between the Song-Xia has fluctuated.When Li Ji-qian was alive,the Northern Song and the Western Xia were in opposition.When Li De-ming was alive,the relationship was reconciled.When Yuan-hao was alive,both sides were in a state of war.When Bingchang and Qianshun was alive,the Northern Song Dynasty began to attack Tangut,and Tangut mainly maintain a defensive posture,the above are the four stages of the relationship between the Song-Xia.The uncertain relations between the Song-Xia made it difficult for the Northern Song regime to formulate economic policies.When both sides were in a period of tension,the military expenditure of the Northern Song Dynasty in the northwest would increase sharply,which resulted in insufficient domestic financial revenue.therefore,when making economic policies,the Northern Song Dynasty tried to increase tis fiscal revenue and constantly sought more benefits from merchants or common people.In the aspect of salt law,in order to compete with Tangut for the benefit of salt,the Northern Song Dynasty divided the Northwest area into the distribution area of salt,and set up the monopoly system.At the same time,strict laws were enacted to stop salt smuggling in Tangut.In addition,the Northern Song Dynasty also combined the salt monopoly system with the system of merchants transporting military supplies to the Northwest,so as to ensure the supply of military supplies in the northwest while ensuring the profit of salt sales,and developed the salt system.In terms of the tea law,in order to ensure the needs of the Northwest,the tea law of the Southeast region of the Northern Song Dynasty was soon combined with the system of merchants transporting materials to the Northwest region,and tea became the reward given by the government to the merchants.However,this combination resulted in the contradiction between simultaneously meeting the requirements of military support and safeguarding tea benefits.Moreover,this contradiction became irreconcilable due to the uncertainty of the relationship between the Song-Xia.Tea laws in the Southeast have changed many times as a result.In addition,the tea law in Sichuan changed under the polity of the emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty to actively attack Tangut and gradually became a monopoly system.In terms of monetary policy,they were in war between the Song-Xia during the Song Ren Zong period of the Northern Song Dynasty.The Northern Song Dynasty carried out a new money law in Shaanxi province,casting new forms of copper coin and iron coin.At the same time,the government set up more coin producing institutions and minted large amounts of copper coin and iron coin to meet the military needs.This policy changed Shaanxi province from an area where used copper coin was used to a special area where copper coin and iron coin were used at the same time,and Hedong province became an area where iron coin was used.In addition,the Northern Song Dynasty let the people in the Southeast pay taxes with copper coin and let the region produce more copper coin and iron coin,and then transport all the copper coin and iron coin to the Northwest.This policy aggravated the shortage of copper in the Southeast.In terms of trade policy,the early Northern Song Dynasty maintained friendly trade relations with various small regimes in the northwest,including Tangut.However,after the rise of Tangut,the Northern Song Dynasty changed the original trade policy and established a united small regime to restrict the trade policy of Tangut.Extremely important,the Northern Song Dynasty strengthened its ties with extremely important political kingdom of Chio-ssu-lo by making tea and horse trade,and maintained its trade contacts with the Western Regions.At the same time,in the late Northern Song Dynasty,the unstable relations between the Song-Xia also influenced the development of the Silk Road in the 11~thh century. |
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