The Development And Preliminary Application Of The Patience Scale

Significance and PurposePatience is a person's psychological quality.It can allow people to temporarily endure unhappiness or humiliation for the long-term interests and goals while experiencing the temptation of desire,can withstand setbacks and pressures,temporarily avoid sharp edges,avoid conflicts,and then regulate their emotions,attitudes and behaviors.In recent years,scholars have paid more and more attention to the impact of local culture on mental health.They emphasized the use of psychological ideas or experiences familiar to the Chinese as the research theme,and no longer applied the research habits of Western theories.At the same time,scholars conduct cultural psychology research based on Chinese society,history and academic traditions.Scholars have studied the cultural elements contained in traditional Chinese culture to varying degrees,but as one of the cultural elements," patience" has rarely been quantified.There are few tools for measuring "patience",and there is no domestic measurement tool in China.Therefore,the purpose of this study is to compile patience scale based on traditional Chinese culture,to enrich patience measurement tools,and to make preliminary application of the scale to Chinese residents.MethodThis study uses the literature method and interview method to form an patience scale entry pool.The research used brainstorming and other methods to delete and modify the entry pool,and evaluated the content validity of the entries to determine the pretest version of the scale.Pre-tests were performed on 523 participants.Project analysis and exploratory factor analysis continued to screen entries and determine the structure.Finally,the final scale was determined after the reliability and validity test was passed.Subjects were tested using general situation questionnaire,patience scale,flourishing scale,PMP-B,PHQ-9,and GAD-7.The online survey of the questionnaire star platform was used to recover 2308 valid questionnaires.Descriptive analysis,t-test,and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the characteristics of the current status of Chinese adult social residents over 16 years of age.The product correlation method and analysis of variance were used to explore the relationship between patience and positive and negative mental health.Results1.The structure of the Patience Scale is a two dimensions(five-factors):avoidance patience(restraint and concession,repressive avoidance)and active patience(patience and peace,delayed gratification,positive cognition).The scale contains 20 entries.After confirmatory factor analysis of the scale,the indicators show that the indicators are within the acceptable range.2.The total patience of Chinese society residents over the age of 16 is 72.70 ± 9.47,and the total average score is 3.64 ± 0.47.Dimensional scores from high to low are:positive cognition,delayed gratification,restrained concession,suppressed avoidance,and patient peace.3.The total patience scores were statistically significant in terms of gender,social population and school students,different age groups,different levels of marriage and love,and different economic conditions(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the total patience scores between different places of residence,different grades of school students,only and non-only children,different cultural levels,and different income levels of social groups(P>0.05).The total patience score of males was higher than that of females(P<0.05).The total patience score of the social population was higher than that of the school students(P<0.01).The higher the age,the higher the patience level(P<0.01).The total patience scores of married people were higher than those of other marriages(P<0.01).4.Divide the level of patience by the item average:1-2.99 is divided into low patience level,3-3.99 is divided into middle patience level,4-5 is divided into high patience level.5.There was a positive correlation between patience and flourishing and its dimensions,and the correlation reached a statistically significant level(P<0.01).There was a positive correlation between patience and personal meaning and its dimensions,and the correlation reached a statistically significant level(P<0.01).There was a negative correlation between patience and depression,and the correlation reached a statistically significant level(P<0.01).There was a negative correlation between patience and anxiety,and the correlation reached a statistically significant level(P<0.01).The level of flourishing and personal significance in the high-patience group were significantly higher than those in the middle-patience group(P<0.01)and the low-patience group(P<0.01).The level of flourishing and personal significance in the middle-patience group was significantly higher than that in the low-patience group(P<0.01).The levels of depression and anxiety in the high-patience group were significantly lower than those in the medium(P<0.05)and low-patience groups(P<0.01).The levels of depression and anxiety in the middle-patience group were significantly lower than those in the low-patience group(P<0.05).6.The healthy group,the susceptible group,the partially ill group and the diseased group were significantly different in the total patience and five factors(P<0.01).The patience level of the healthy group was higher than that of the partially ill group,the susceptible group,and the diseased group.Conclusion1.The Patience Scale includes five factors,which are restraint and concession,repressive avoidance,patience and peace,delayed gratification and positive cognition.It can also be divided into two dimensions of avoidance patience and active patience.The scale has good reliability and validity,and can be used as a more comprehensive and effective new tool for evaluating the patience level of adults.2.The patience of Chinese people is at a medium level.Male patience is higher than female.The patience of the social population is higher than that of school students.The patience of married people is higher than that of other people in marriage.Patience increases with age.3.High patience is helpful to improve the individual's sense of happiness and sense of life,reduce the symptoms of depression and anxiety,and the impact of patience on mental health is positive.4.Among different types of mental health,the patience level of healthy group and partially ill group are higher.5.Among the different patience types,low avoidance and high active had the highest mental health,followed by high avoidance and high active,low avoidance and low active,and high avoidance and low active had the worst mental health.