The Multifunctions And Semantic Map Of Direction Complement Sh�ng 'Up' In Modern Chinese

Direction complements and their relevant applications have been drawn the attention in recent years.Sh�ng �up' in �V sh�ng� construction is an explicit direction complement.Previous studies illuminated systematical reviews of synchronic explorations and diachronic explorations.From the synchronic perspective,relevant studies mainly attach importance to basic semantic meanings of �V sh�ng�,classifications of verbs in �V sh�ng� construction,its semantic and syntactic conditions,and comparisons with other direction complements.And several attempts have been made to examine the origins and developments of sh�ng �up' and.�V sh�ng� from the diachronic perspective.However,most previous studies were introspected,and a lack of analyses and interpretations based on corpus.This paper intends to apply collostructional analysis to examine �V sh�ng�constructions in modern Chinese and explore their multifunctions of sh�ng �up'.Then,cross-dialect semantic map can be constructed.The main purpose of this paper is to develop the interpretations on two aspects.(1)What are multifunctions of sh�ng �up' in �V sh�ng� constructions?(2)What are cross-dialect similarities and diversities of sh�ng �up' in �V sh�ng�constructions?The paper firstly attempts to examine calculated relationships between collocated verbs and �V sh�ng� micro-constructions based on Collostructional Analysis.Collostructional strength is the most seminar result.It is applied to examine colligation between target words and target constructions.The corresponding colligation is moreprominent with higher collostructional strength.Then,the semantic clustering of distinguishable meanings of verbs in �V sh�ng� can be categorized.According to these semantic clustering and data from Mandarin Chinese and dialects,sh�ng �up'possesses multifunctions.This dissertation mainly clarifies nine grammatical functions of direction verb,direction complement,phase complement,continuous tense,completive marker,state complement marker,direction complement marker,comparative complement marker,preposition of ending points.The thesis expounds the synchronic multifunctionality and semantic extension of these grammatical functions.Then,the conceptual space of sh�ng �up' is constructed as a coherent chunk in the exited universal network.On the basis of constructed conceptual space and�Semantic Map Connective Hypothesis�,It seeks to construct a semantic map to examine implicational universals among semantic meanings of sh�ng �up' in allusion to four dialects(Chengdu dialect,Dongbei dialect,Guangzhou dialect,Taiyuan dialect).These specific-language categories would map onto distinguishable connected regions on the established conceptual space.Major findings of this thesis can be listed as follows.First and foremost,distinguishable verbs in micro-constructions of �V sh�ng� possess distinguishable word frequency in corpus,word frequency in �V sh�ng�,expected frequency,delta p and collostructional strength,etc.For instance,the most typical verb Z?u �go' are232895(word.freq),5461(obs.freq),9.3969(exp.freq),Inf(coll.strength).The collostructional strength of collocated verb Z?u �go' is higher than that of collocated verb B�o �hug'.All verbs have dynamic relationships with �V sh�ng� construction.Then,the semantic clustering of sh�ng 'up' in �V sh�ng� can be classified into four categories.Various verbs in �V sh�ng� constructions have distinguishable emphasized targets of action achievements,action methods/objectives,relevant contents of actions and continuity of actions.Secondly,sh�ng �up' as directional verb and directional complement both contains directional meaning.The direction meaning refers to the movements from lower places to higher higher places and the tendency to objects.Sh�ng �up' can be regarded as consequence complement that is signified to the connection,achievements of purposed aspirations and successful achievements of something.The continuous tense sh�ng �up' seeks to illuminate that relevant actions orstates are assigned into continuous state.Sh�ng �up' as phase complement and completive marker is used to expound the conception of the completion and achievement of active state and adding telic meanings to the events.Moreover,state complement marker sh�ng �up' explains the evaluation and description of relevant actions and results/states of actions.Sh�ng �up' can also be applied in the syntactic pattern �V+sh�ng+direction complement� as direction complement marker.Comparative marker sh�ng �up' can commonly refers to the comparative meaning as another comparative marker �b?�.The last grammatical function of sh�ng �up' is the preposition of ending points which is emphasized on the syntactic pattern �V sh�ng+NP location�.These locative objects can be afforded by realistic locations or grammaticalization of realistic locations.Next,it begins by setting up the conceptual space of sh�ng �up'.The construction of conceptual space is attributed to the factors of meaning constraint,semantic extension and diachronic grammaticalization,etc.Finally,based on distinguishable semantic meanings,grammatical functions,and conceptual space of sh�ng �up',semantic map is established to expound that sh�ng �up' in different dialects with distinguishable grammatical functions.In other words,sh�ng�up' in these dialects have distinguishable connected regions in conceptual space.For instance,sh�ng �up' in Chengdu dialect only has the grammatical functions of direction verb,direction complement,consequence complement,phase complement,continuous tense,direction complement marker.