Research On Jingling School During The Early Qing Dynasty

Jingling School rose in the late Ming Dynasty.In terms of time span and space radiation,its influence was second to none.Yet the literary genre that flourished went into the process of decline at the turn of the dynasties.The influence of Jingling School continued at least until the early Qing Dynasty,even to the early years of the reign of Emperor Kangxi.Whether to choose the identity of the adherents or the new dynasty,the literati who was from Ming to Qing Dynasty still adhered to the style of Jingling School.There was a lack of attention to Jingling School.But the study of it can improve the overall picture of the history of Jingling School and investigate the trend of literature evolution during the change of Ming and Qing Dynasties.Jingling School into the early Qing Dynasty had lost the genre leaders who previously held the position of Zhong and Tan.As for the literary style and ideas that had led for a while and let people pursed,it was even more impossible to talk about.And the events such as genre gatherings were also rare.Hence Jingling School in the early Qing Dynasty can only belong to the non-strict literary school.However,Jingling School in the early Qing Dynasty has the naming rationality and the argument possibility in view of its real impact in the early Qing Dynasty,the complexity of the writer's individual mind and soul,the edification of Jingling School since the late Ming Dynasty and the special identity which inherited the spiritual literature of the late Ming Dynasty and then opened the poetic style of the early Qing Dynasty.As the vestigial residue of Jingling School of the late Ming Dynasty,Jingling School of the early Qing Dynasty was born at the turn of dynasties and in the gap of survival.Although the aftermath lasted for ages,its development phase did not own the complete process from the beginning to the wide spread.It could be divided into two phases,that is,Emperor Shunzhi Period and the early years of the reign of Emperor Kangxi.The former werefrom Ming to Qing Dynasty and their main life was in the late Ming Dynasty.Although the latter were born in the late Ming Dynasty,their main life was in the Qing Dynasty.The geographical distribution of these writers was relatively wide such as Beijing,Anhui,Hubei,Jiangxi,Nanjing,etc.Especially,they mainly concentrated in the region of Jiangsu and Zhejiang and preferred the south of China.Because of the change of dynasties,most literati chose the identity of the survivors and reclusive life.It reflected the common value orientation and psychological cognition of the majority and from a side proved that the style of Jingling School ran parallel with the destiny of a nation.Zhong Xing and Tan Yuanchun were skilled in theory.Asfor Jingling School in the early Qing Dynasty,there was no high degree of agreement in literary theory like their predecessors on account of the particularity of their time and stage of development.However,we can still find the mutual attraction and coincidences of these writers in their ideas of poetry and prose.They put forward literary concepts such as “poetry and prose depending on temperament,avoiding simulation”,“striving for the contact of articles and nature”,“seeking the origin of literature” and so on which reflected the inheritance and new changes of predecessors.Actually,to a large extent,the influence of Jingling School was based on its unique poetic criticism.Their special way of criticism which was with strong subjective color and sought the deep heart of the authors had set up a profound image of a pioneer for their successors to learn poetry.Jingling School's practice of poetic criticism provided opportunities for the inferiors to speak with the elders on an equal footing which was exactly what the poets of that time,especially the young poets,needed most.The literati of Jingling School of the early Qing Dynasty's material in the literary creation was extensive,whether containing a universality which is almost identical to that of its predecessors or the touch of a special world belonging to their own time.Besides a large number of landscape and farewell works,the writers who bore hatred of home and country and was in the struggle and hesitation inevitably went into the view of recalling the history.After all,the new creation themes which depended on special historical background were by no means deviated from the literary creation track of Jingling School.The writing style of Jingling School was unique among all the literary schools in Ming and Qing Dynasties and of a label nature.It was deep,cold,clear and lonely.In the meantime,the fashion of Jingling School was like Meng Jiao,Jia Dao,Li He and yet another.The literati who were loyal to Jingling School continued this style and therefore there were different degrees of inheritance on the technical level of creation.