Critical Study Of Laruelle's "Non-Marxist Theory"

From his "non-philosophical" perspective,Laruelle's innovative interpretation of Marxism is the Non-Marxist theory,which is embodied in his book "Introduction to Non-Marxism".As a new kind of "unorthodox" Marxism which is different from Neo-Marxism,Post-Marxism and Anti-Marxism,Non-Marxist theory is a new ideological field that should be cultivated in the domestic academic circle.This thesis mainly reviews Laruelle 's Non-Marxist theory from the following four chapters:The first chapter is devoted to showing the practical and theoretical background of Non-Marxism,and to comprehensively discussing the development process of Non-Marxism.It was in the 1970 s,when the theory and practice of Marxism began to be "discredited",that Laruelle became involved in the system of Marxist discourse.The turbulence of The Times was accompanied by theoretical disputes,Existentialist Marxism represented by Sartre and Structuralist Marxism represented by Althusser constituted the most important theoretical resources before the mature period of non-philosophy that of Laruelle,but in the end,Laruelle inherited more of Althusser's ideological heritage.After the maturity of his non-philosophical theory,the tension between Laruelle and Althusser came to the fore.The second chapter mainly outlines the basic framework of Non-Marxism.Non-Marxist theories mainly focus on three clues: whether Dialectical Materialism removes the mystery of dialectics,how to solve the dilemma of the duality of science and philosophy in Marxism,and whether Super-Capitalism has eternity.According to the radical immanence of the Real,Laruelle elaborated a causality of unilateral duality(DLI)to oppose the mystery of materialist dialectics.By revealing the existence of the Principle of Sufficient Philosophy(PSP),thereby negating the authority of philosophy and introducing democracy into thought,Laruelle laid the foundation for the unification of science and philosophy.By deconstructing the concept of labor into "ego" and "force-(of)-thought",Laruelle found an inner way to resist Super-Capitalism as fetishism.The third chapter specifically discusses Laruelle's reinterpretation of some basic ideas of Marx himself.Starting from the judgment that idealism is the innate mark of all philosophy,Laruelle believes that Marx's “exiting philosophy” is impossible,and Marx's philosophy is still essentially an interpretation of the world,but Marx's philosophy exposes the heterogeneity,generative and temporary truths of the world,thus opening up more possibilities for the transformation of the world.For Marx 's basic model for analyzing society and history,namely productive forces / relations of production and infrastructure / superstructure,Laruelle transformed them on the basis of grasping Marx's humanitarian concern.From the important component of productive forces,Laruelle analysed the “force-(of)-thought” as a new revolutionary subject.By thinking of infrastructure/superstructure as a metaphor,Laruelle developed the DLI to eliminate absolute necessity and objectivity,thereby preventing the dogmatization of knowledge.For Marx's concept of proletariat and communism,Laruelle also creatively “occupied” it,although in the process he abandoned class analysis and modified the original meaning of proletariat and communism in Marx.However,his anxiety about universal alienation,his "resolution" of the problem of proletarian unity,and his inheritance of Marxist revolutionary ambition are all manifestations of his positive attitude towards Marxism.The fourth chapter is the critical reflection of Non-Marxism.It is a useful theoretical attempt of Laruelle to interpret Marxism with Non-Philosophy.It is helpful to break the rigid understanding of Marxism,to deepen the understanding of Marxist philosophy and its functions,to elucidate the internal ways of resisting contemporary capitalism,and to strengthen the subjective consciousness of individuals.However,the mystery of Non-Marxist theory(including agnosticism and spiritualism at the level of realism)requires our vigilance,and it has only achieved its theoretical goals to a limited extent.Finally,from the standpoint of Marxism,the limitations of Non-Marxist theory are more exposed,including the misunderstanding of materialist dialectics,the dissimilation of revolutionary theory with alienation theory,and the denial of the proletariat's position as the subject of the revolution.