A Study Of Heidegger's Thought Of Fundamental Ontology

Early Heidegger inquired Being through Dasein,which was embodied as the fundamental ontology.The fundamental ontology is based on the analysis of “Dasein's Being”,and its direct object of study is “Dasein's existence”.“Dasein's Being” is the same as “Dasein's existence”.The existential analytic of Dasein is the same as the ontological analytic of Dasein.However,the question of Being needs time as the horizon.In Heidegger's view,philosophy is universal phenomenological ontology,the phenomenology of Dasein is hermeneutics.The task of Dasein's hermeneutics is to analyze the “Dasein's existence”.All philosophical inquiry arises from and returns to Dasein,which is both the questioner and the answerer.The fundamental ontology transcends the traditional ontology of subject-object dichotomy.Dasein and world are not separated from each other.Heidegger wanted to analyze the “Dasein's existence” and eventually led to the problem of Being in general so as to solve the problem of Being in general.The study of fundamental ontology needs to be carried out from four aspects.The first is the origin of fundamental ontology.The problem of Being is actually the problem of the ontological difference,Being and entity are different.The traditional ontology ignores this important problem and confuses Being with entity,which treats Being as entity and eventually leads to the forgetting of Being.We need to go back to the origin of Being's oblivion and study it,so that we can understand the reason why Heidegger brought up the problem of Being and constructed the fundamental ontology.The second is the methods of the fundamental ontology.The fundamental ontology aims at inquiring the questions about Being,using the method of phenomenology.According to Heidegger,phenomenology is a method,it is a methodological conception.There are three main methods of the fundamental ontology,namely “formal indication”,“to the things themselves”,“reduction,construction,deconstruction”,but we often ignore “formal indication” and “reduction,construction,deconstruction”.Although “to the things themselves” is the core method of fundamental ontology,it is not complete to study it.The third is the content of the fundamental ontology.The content of fundamental ontology is mainly composed of existence,temporality and Being in general,but we often ignore temporality and Being in general.Existence is the external embodiment of the fundamental ontology's content,temporality is the internal support of the fundamental ontology's content,and Being in general is the final direction of the fundamental ontology's content.We usually focus on existence,but it is meaningless to talk about existence without the temporality and Being in general.Finally,the dilemma and way out of the fundamental ontology.We can't deny the transcendence of the fundamental ontology over the traditional ontology,but there are some problems in the fundamental ontology,especially the suspicion of the subjective metaphysics,which we can't ignore.It is these problems that make Heidegger's turn of thought.Later Heidegger's turn of thought is really a reflection on his earlier thought.This turn is the transcendence of the fundamental ontology.Heidegger had two ways to inquire Being,before his turn of thought,he inquired Being in the way of Dasein,after his turn of thought,he inquired being in the way of “near Being”.These two ways have both difference and similarity.Although they are two different stages of Heidegger's inquiry of Being,they both belong to Heidegger's way of inquiring Being.They are not separate,the latter is a continuation of the former.The four aspects aim to clarify the first way of inquiring Being,so that we can have a clearer and deeper understanding of early Heidegger's salvation of Being.