Research On The Symmetry And Asymmetry Of The Antonyms "Loose" And "Tight"

Asymmetry in language has been very common in Chinese,and the asymmetry of antonym group has been valued in the academic circles.This paper takes the antonym group "loose" and "tight" as the research object,and investigates its symmetry and asymmetry in semantic,lexical and syntactic levels From both diachronic perspective and Synchronic perspective,and analyzes the causes of various asymmetries.First of all,on the semantic level,the symmetry of the two is reflected in that the basic meanings of "loose" and "tight" are symmetrical,they have the same semantic extension path,They all have the semantic color of commendation and derogation;the asymmetry is mainly reflected in that the numbers and types of the semantic of "tight" are more abundant than "loose" and "tight" has more semantic extension path and use range.Secondly,on the lexical level,the symmetries are reflected in the following aspects: the vocabulary quantity of “loose” and “tight” are almost the same,in most of the words,the morphemes of ” loose “ and “tight” are at the beginning of the word,and most of them are combined words.The asymmetries of the two are reflected in “tight” has stronger word formation ability,“tight” has been used more frequently,and the word formation ability of different meanings of “tight” are more balanced,In addition,the asymmetry of the two in word formation is also reflected in the fact that few words are symmetrical in form and meaning.Thirdly,on the syntactic level,its symmetry lies in that the ability of adjectives "loose" and "tight" as syntactic components is stronger than that of verbs "loose" and "tight",The asymmetry lies in: first,the ability of the verb "loose" as a syntactic component is stronger than "tight",the use of the adjective "tight" as a syntactic component and being modified by adverbs of degree words are more frequently than "loose",Second,when combining with the directional verbs,"loose" is often combined with "down",while "tight" is often combined with "up".Third,"loose" can be used as verbs of BA sentence and Bei-Sentence,while "tight" seldom acts as a verb in Bei-sentence,it can be used as verbs in BA sentence,but there are many restrictions.As for the reasons for the asymmetry of "loose" and "tight" in many aspects,this paper analyzed it from the internal and external aspects of language.The internal reasons are mainly the influence of semantics,the influence of the state of only strong or only weak,and the influence of connective marker.The external reasons are mainly from the influence of human psychology,cognitive and social application factors.