A Study Of The Literati Circle Of Female Artists In The Late Ming Dynasty

Regarding the literati circle of female artists in the late Ming Dynasty as a phenomenon,we must pay attention to the background and social soil of this phenomenon.The late Ming Dynasty was an era when profound changes took place in all aspects of society in the course of ancient Chinese history.The prosperity of urban culture and the resulting extravagant winds,the change of social lifestyles and the formation of libido thoughts,and the awakening of personality consciousness brought by the spiritual trend are important manifestation of social changes in the late Ming Dynasty.They are important factors in breaking the bondage of gender relations in the late Ming Dynasty and promoting the popularity of male-female communication.The literati circle of female artists in the late Ming Dynasty emerged from these times and social factors.Female artists and literati form an extensive circle of communication.It is not an isolated situation in the late Ming Dynasty,but a universal phenomenon worthy of attention.This phenomenon includes both the common literati circle formed by female artists as a group and the literary circle centered on a specific female artist.The two are closely related.The formation of the literati circle of female artists in the late Ming Dynasty was firstly closely related to the large number of artists in the Qing Dynasty.There are more than 110 female artists of the late Ming Dynasty alone in Gen Shi Chao alone,plus Ban Qiao Miscellanies,Lie Chao Shi Ji Xiao Zhuan,Jing Zhi Ju Poetry Comments,Lu Shu,Shi Mei Ci Ji and other literature statistics,there are at least 200 female artists in the late Ming Dynasty.The literati circle of female artists in the late Ming Dynasty includes both the common literati circle formed by female artists as a group and the literary circle centered on a specific female artist.The former can sort out dozens of writers or artists based on Pan Zhiheng Qu Hua.Among them,famous ones such as Liang Chenyu,Feng Mengzhen,Wang Zhideng,Chen Jiru,Zang Maoxun,Tan Yuanchun,Wang Daokun,Tu Long,Yuan Zhongdao,etc.,they are all celebrities in the literary world or the Qu world.,and Qian Qianyi was then called "the master of romance".For the latter,almost all the famous Qinhuai prostitutes at that time formed an extensive literati circle,from Xu Pian,Zhu Wuxia,Fu Lingxiu to Ma Xianglan,Gu Mei,Dong Xiaowan,Li Xiangjun,Liu Rushi and so on.Era factors that promoted extensive communication between female artists and literati at that time,including the instructors who interact with each other in the arts,the romantic leaders in the romantic field who are in touch with each other,and hold their own meetings to form a female society centered in the brothel,and participate in the association to show the female romantic concentration in the literati club.In addition,plays,visits,introductions,and occasional encounters are all ways to help female artists and literati communicate.Female artists and their literati circles have different situations and different destinies under different historical backgrounds.Choosing Xu Pian and Bian Sai as two cases have certain representativeness and typicality.It can overcome the generality and superficiality of the overall investigation of the literati circle of late Ming female artists,and can not only grasp the specifics of the literati circle of late Ming female artists,still catch a glimpse into the successive changes in the female artist and literary circle and the friendship between scholars and women,gender relations and emotional characteristics,and literary creation in the diachronic process from the early to late Ming Dynasty.Xu Pian's talent and influence may not be inferior to the later "Qinhuai eight beauties",but has not received enough attention in the existing research.Xu Pian's literati circle is relatively large and "high-end",and can be divided into three categories: the teacher of arts,the intersection of poetry and literature,and the encounter of confidants.The writers who have close contact with her are Xie Bi,Pan Zhiheng,Xu Xingcheng,Zhu Zijian,Lu Chengshu,Zhou Tianqiu,Fang Sizong,Tu Long,Yu Anqi,Gu Maohong,Zhang Xuan,Mei Shouji,Mei Dingzuo,Mei Taizuo,Wang Daokun,Yu Wen Zhou,Zhang Xianyi,Yao Lu,Cheng Han,Zhou Hui,Qi Xianzhong,Cheng Zixu,He Shudu,Shen Mengwei,Li Rumo,etc.,they were almost all top representatives of literature and art at the time.The friendship with confidant Wang Daokun occupied an important part in Xu Pian's life.Through a case study of Xu Pian and his literati circle,to a certain extent,the gap in Xu Pian's research has been made up,and the value of more "micro characters" has been discovered.As one of the famous "Qinhuai eight beauties " in the world,Bian Sai attracted many literati and celebrities with her unique talents.The literati who interacted with her mostly went through the turbulent late Ming and early Qing dynasties.Their political tendencies and mentality changes are much more complicated,so related research has more rich significance and far-reaching impact.Wu Meicun,Qian Qianyi,Wu Jishan,Zou Shu,Wan Shouqi,Jin Jiangao,Zhou Zhao,etc.,who are the main characters in the literati circle with limited testability.Wu Meicun,the great poet,is the most important and special one in the literati circle.The combination of Bian Sai and Wu Meicun is not the same as the combination of talented and beautiful women like Mao Xiang and Dong Xiaowan,Qian Qianyi and Liu Rushi,Hou Fangyu and Li Xiangjun.The literati circle of Bian Sai has some characteristics: First,it includes literary leaders and celebrities,such as Qian Qianyi and Wu Meicun;Second,there are many Fushe writers,in addition to Qian Qianyi and Wu Weiye,and Wu Jishan,Wan Shouqi,etc.;Third,these characters are the key communication objects of Bian Sai,and have produced a deep friendship,which has caused a great change in the emotional world of these literati,and then affected their literary creation.such as Wu Meicun;Fourth,they have left more literary works in their interactions,all of which have more important value and significance.Bian Sai and her literati circle produced relatively important literary influences.The one-to-one individual phenomenon is represented by the impact on Wu Meicun's literature,and the group phenomenon is mainly manifested by the large number of creations of poems based on condolences and visits or repairs to her graveyard.The appearance of a phenomenon must have a certain impact.The formation of the literati circle of female artists in the late Ming Dynasty is both a social and historical phenomenon and a literary and cultural phenomenon.The literati circle of female artists in the late Ming Dynasty is the embodiment of male-female communication and breakthrough in gender relations,which has had a broad and important influence.It mainly includes the following aspects: First,the female artist's life boundary and the particularity of gender roles have greatly affected them by the literati circle,which shows that they are talented,and able to socialize with many literati,and then reflecting the literati tendency in daily life,values and literary creation.First,the late Ming female artists and their literati circle had a direct and profound impact on the literati,and they were affected by obvious heterosexual intervention in daily life,emotional experience,and creative vision and content.Second,late Ming literature highlighted unique gender factors,women's literature also shines under this influence.Gender factors are important points in the study of literature and art in the late Ming Dynasty.It can be said that the gender factor has become an important cause of the "late Ming characteristics" of late Ming literature.As the two parties interacting,the late Ming literati and female entertainers were active in the late Ming literary scene,and the ensembles of both sexes created the elegance of the late Ming literature.The female artists of the late Ming Dynasty,as a unique group and the representative of the gender role of women,have made important contributions to the prosperity of the late Ming literature.