| The "theory of psychological distance" was first proposed by Edward Bullough of the United Kingdom,and then Wayne Booth of the United States introduced it into the narrative of the novel,which became a theoretical description of the narrative distance and aesthetic distance of the novel,pointing to the distance between the aesthete and the aesthetic object.Briefly,Booth’s "distance" theory refers to the novelist’s way of adjusting the distance between the reader and the text of the novel through the change of perspective,the change of time sequence,and the combination of reality and reality.Different ways show the differences and distances between the reader and the narrator,the characters,and the author in terms of cognition,morality,time and space.After Booth’s "distance" theory was introduced into China,scholars Zhou Xian and others summarized it as "distance control",which gradually became a new perspective for scholars to study novels.In the 1980 s,the distance control of narrative in vanguard novels was contrary to the traditional novels,which were in a more harmonious and intimate distance state.The authors moved to long-distance control status on the control of implied author,narrators,story characters and readers.The vanguard novels reduces the author’s participation and enhances the uncertainty of the narrator through zero degree narration and non-personality narration.In order to reduce the readers’ sense of identity and trust in the novel by pathological characters,absurd events and dirty scenes,the distance controlled by avant-garde novels finally shows a long-distance state.Under the control of such distance,avant-garde novels in the 1980 s showed great differences and distances in cognition,morality and body between readers and authors,narrators and characters.The distance between the avant-garde author and the implied author is pushed away.There is a gap between the author and the narrator.The author and the reader are no longer close,forming cognitive or moral disapproval.There are physical differences and emotional distances between the readers and the characters in the novel.In addition,in order to better control and maintain the long-distance state with readers,narrators and characters,The vanguard novelists in the 1980 s have become their first choice to seek unconventional narrative techniques in narrative time,narrative plot and narrative language.In vanguard novels,the narrative perspective becomes limited cognition,and the constantly changing internal and external focus perspective better shows the pathological psychology of the characters.The narrative time and space are deliberately extended,stagnated or even punctuated.The narrative plots are arranged,nested and repeated in a fractured way.Narrative language has unconventional meaning,irrational redundancy,and the signifier and signified are intentionally misplaced.Metanarrative and anti-metanarrative have become the characteristics of avant-garde novels.The author’s participation enhances the authenticity of the text and is constantly denied at the same time,which makes avant-garde novels become uncertain texts in words that seem to be real or unreal.Under the control of these narrative techniques,avant-garde novels in the 1980 sfurther promoted the formation of a far distance between authors,narrators,characters and readers in vanguard novels.Although under the distance control of the narrative distance of the vanguard novel authors in the 1980 s,the abnormal rationality and rebelliousness of form and content made it difficult for readers to draw closer to the aesthetic distance with the vanguard novels,causing difficulties for readers to read.At the same time,the absurdity and vagueness of the avant-garde novel in the text are also formed.The uncertainty of reading perception urges readers to participate in the reading mode.However,its rebellious attitude has become the driving force of the revolution in the form of vanguard novels,making vanguard novels an indispensable part in the history of literature with the pioneering spirit and adventurous spirit of experiment and exploration.Although the relatively difficult and difficult vanguard novels remain on the historical time axis under the flow of the long history,the vanguard spirit that has prompted the author to innovate continuously still remains in literature and applies to this day. |
